Living in England between the wars, she was drawn back to France in the expectation of mounting some sort of aid facility similar to that she had run in the first war. With funds donated by Sir Robert Hadfield via his wife, Lady Hadfield, she set up the Hadfield-Spears Ambulance Unit, which was based in Lorraine until forced by the German Blitzkrieg to retreat across France before its evacuation from Arcachon in June 1940. In Britain, the unit re-grouped and received further funding from the British War Relief Society in New York. In May 1941, the Hadfield-Spears Ambulance Unit was attached to the Free French in the Middle East, before accompanying their forces across North Africa, Italy and France. Journey Down a Blind Alley, published on her return to Paris in 1946, records the history of the unit and her disillusion with the French failure to put up an effective resistance to the German invasion and occupation. 
Wikipedia Reference

OTHER:
Our Fathers ~ 1931 ~ Heineman
 

Classic of 19th-century anthropology covers role of medicine-men in treating disease, superstitions, paraphernalia, medicine-women, the use of tule pollen as sacrificial powder, clay-eating, sacred breads and cakes, the izze-kloth or medicine cord, medicine hat, spirit or ghost dance headdress, amulets and talismans, more. 
Also analogous objects, rites, ceremonies in other cultures.
eText
 
 

An Apache Campaign | Archive Edition (1886) New York, C. Scribner's sons
This short but fascinating chronicle written by an eye-witness and participant, tells the story of the United States Army's 1883 campaign against the Apache Indians in the Sierra Madre. Out-of-print and virtually unprocurable for many years, it unites in its pages three famous 
figures in Western history Geronimo, the Apache; General George Crook, the greatest of our Indian-fighting soldiers; and John Gregory Bourke, one of the most sympathetic and best-informed writers on American Indian ethnology. 

The concept of Manifest Destiny took root during the Mexican American War, and assumed grander proportions following the Civil War. Gen. Crook had been a calvery officer whose services proved to be of considerable value, as much for his ability as for his compassion for the Indians. His job was to protect the settlers and subdue the Indians by locating them on reservations. The author was with Crook during his first and second Southwest campaigns as well as that of the Northern Plains. His love for his commander and appreciation of the Indians made him the perfect writer for the topic. Gen. Crook seems the ideal officer for the job, but was defeated, not by the Indians but Agents assigned, after the army had done its work, to reservations by Washington. The book is a wonderful description of the duty performed by Gen. Crook who, had his system been utilized, would have led to a better life for all. In the end, Bourke feels, Crook died of a broken heart. Important history, and a story too beautifully told to miss. 

The Snake Dance of the Moquis of Arizona: Being a Narrative of a Journey from Santa Fe, New Mexico, to the Villages of the Moqui Indians of Arizona ~ reprinted by Kessinger Publishing (August 2003)
1884. The author has endeavored to present a truthful description of religious rites of the Moqui, the very existence of which is known to but a few of our people, and a narrative of incidents which may serve to entertain and amuse, if they do not instruct, those into whose hands this book may fall. The Moqui Indians inhabit seven different villages, situated a few leagues apart. In treating them all, it was impossible to avoid a seeming repetition of description, where the same apparel, food, arms and ceremonies were to be explained. This work is a narrative of a journey from Santa Fe, New Mexico, to the villages of the Moqui Indians of Arizona. Illustrated.

The Diaries of John Gregory Bourke: November 20, 1872, to July 28, 1876 ~ reprinted by University of North Texas Press (March 2003)
Wikipedia Entry

Soon after mustering out in 1865, he received an appointment to West Point. He graduated in 1869, eleventh in a class of thirty-nine and received his Second Lieutenant's commission in his lifelong regiment, the 3d United States Cavalry. But for many years he served as aide de camp to the most thoughtful of Indian fighters — Brigadier General George Crook. Bourke began his relationship with his “great chief” in 1871, shortly after Crook arrived in Arizona. It was an assignment to his liking as it kept him in the field for almost thirteen years and at the center of the action against the Apaches of the Southwest and the tribes of the great plains. 

In these campaigns he acted as both adjutant and engineering officer. It was not for his soldiering, but his scholarship, powers of observation, imagination, writing ability and an easy Irish humor that kept him alive in the consciousness of succeeding generations. During his career he was given time off from his field duties to live among and study the Indians of Arizona. A language scholar from the age of eight (Latin, Greek, and Gaelic), he added the Apache tongue to his inquiries. 

In the last ten years of his life (1886-96), he wrote prolifically and added prominently to the inventory of our knowledge of native Americans. He was an anthropologist of the first order. Bourke has a certain spiritual kinship with present day military historians and museologists because he was a contemporary historian, recording his military experiences with insight and care, and because his interest in museums extended to a honeymoon tour of European museums in the early 1880s. He also is an inheritor of the tradition of the soldier-scholars who passed before him on the immense stage of the American West, men like Emory, Sitgreaves, Whipple and Parke who recorded their impressions and cataloged scientific data. An Apache Campaign (1886) and On the Border With Crook (1891) are fascinating accounts of military life on then an exotic and hard frontier. They are made all the more prominent by Bourke’s sensibilities, his ear for dialogue and an imaginative literary style. The American Southwest and the American Army of the 1880s was a place of character and characters and John Bourke understood both. His sketches are always human and unfailingly capture the humor of the author and his contemporaries. 

In 1888 two important players in the Geronimo campaign were both competing for the same job in the Inspector General's department. The position meant a promotion to Major. In September President Cleveland chose Henry W. Lawton to fill the assistant Inspector General post. Passed over was John Bourke who expressed some bitterness about not getting the job and promotion. Because he felt that many deserving officers had been overlooked, in 1894 Bourke turned down a retroactive brevet promotion to Major for his service in the Southwest. 

Just two weeks before his fiftieth birthday, on 8 June 1896, Bourke died from an aneurysm of the aorta. 

Danton Burroughs found the following note with the manuscript for The War Chief:

"I have gone over the 'copy' carefully and have indicated a number of phrases, sentences and paragraphs deleted by them, which I wish to have retained.

The preparation of the manuscript required considerable research work and as it is necessary for the reader to be able to understand the viewpoint of the Indian, if he is to be in sympathy with the principal character, it is essential that much of the matter deleted should remain even though it draws comparisons that may be odious to some people of our own race and sometimes shocking to people whose religious convictions are particularly strong. 

I should also call your attention to an Indian name and an Indian word concerning which the magazine editor and I seem not to agree. 

The name is that of a famous Apache Chief, Mangas Colorado, variously spelled Mangus and Magnus. From a very old book I obtained the suggestion of the derivation of this name, which in Spanish means colored sleeves. The author supposed that the name may have been given to him by the Mexicans, either because of the garment he wore with colored sleeves or from the fact that his sleeves or arms were stained with the blood of his victims. 

The other word to which I refer is Izzo-Kolth, which the magazine editor insisted on changing to Izze-Colth. My authority for this spelling is an article by John G. Bourke, THE MEDICINE MAN OF THE APACHES, which appeared in the annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology for 1887 and 1888. 

The magazine editor deleted what evidently appeared to him tiresome descriptions of Indian customs, such as burial ceremonies and the decoration of the bodies of medicine men, but as there is not a great of this and I believe that it is all based on good authority, it should be permitted to remain."

Other:
Black Magic  1909
The Quest of Glory ~ 1912/1928 ~ Methuen ~ 255 pages

E-text editions at Project Gutenberg

Her books are much sought after by aficionados of gothic horror and received praise from critics.  Graham Greene stated in his Paris Review interview (Autumn 1953), "I chose Marjorie Bowen [as a major influence] because as I have told you, I don't think that the books that one reads as an adult influence one as a writer... But books such as Marjorie Bowen's, read at a young age, do influence one considerably."

Bowen's alcoholic father left the family at an early age and was eventually found dead on a London street. After this, Bowen's prolific writings were the chief financial support for her family. She was married twice: first, from 1912-16, to a Sicilian named Zefferino Emilio Constanza, who died of tuberculosis, and then to one Arthur L. Long. Her first novel was The Viper of Milan (1906), after which she produced a steady stream of writings until the day of her death. Her last, posthumous, novel was The Man with the Scales (1954).
Wikipedia Entry
Bio in Violet Books

The Modern Vikings  Copyright 1887 ~ Charles Scribner's Sons ~ 1905 reprint ~ 274 pages

OTHER:
Boyhood in Norway 1892 Charles Scribner's Sons  NY
Online eText: http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/BoyBoyh.html
Tales from Two Hemispheres
Online eText: http://emotional-literacy-education.com/classic-books-online-c/twohe10.htm
Online eTexts of Gunnar and other Norse writings in Atlantic Monthly, Scribner's, Harpers, etc.: Cornell University
http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/moa/browse.author/b.133.html

Boyesen immigrated to the United States during 1869 and initially becoming assistant editor of Fremad, a Norwegian language weekly published in Chicago. The multi-lingual Boyesen subsequently taught Greek and Latin classes at Urbana University. Boyesen was a professor of North European Languages at Cornell University from 1874 to 1880. Boyesen became a professor of Germanic languages at Columbia University in 1881. His scholarly works included Goethe and Schiller, Essays on German Literature, A Commentary on the Works of Henrik Ibsen and Essays on Scandinavian Literature. 

Boyesen is more commonly known for his works of popular fiction. His most successful books have remained those based upon Norwegian culture and habits. He wrote many books of fiction for adults and children and some poetry. He is best remembered for his novel Gunnar: A Tale of Norse Life generally considered to have been the first novel by a Norwegian immigrant in America.

Wikipedia Reference
 

OTHER:
The Better Man ~1910  Dodd, Mead & Co. N.Y.. Illustrated by F. Graham Cootes.  305 pages
The Records ~ 1904: "Truthful Accounts, Grave and Gay, of the Doings of Certain Real People Hereinafter Set Down for the Edification of the Wise and the Foolish, and the Amusement of the Tired and the Unhappy."
The Ring: With Some Incidental Relation to the Woman ~ 1909 ~ Moffat, Yard, and Company in New York: Illustrated by George Gibb.~ Made into a motion picture in 1915.
A Midshipman in the Pacific (1904) 
Indian Fights and Fighters (1904) 
The Island of Regeneration (1909) 
As the Sparks Fly Upward (1911) 
The Island of the Stairs (1913) 
By the World Forgot (1917) 
Bob Dashaway Privateersman (1911) 
Wikipedia Editions

Faust was born in Seattle to Gilbert Leander Faust and Elizabeth (Uriel) Faust, who both died soon after. He grew up in central California, and later worked as a cowhand on one of the many ranches of the San Joaquin Valley. Faust attended the University of California, Berkeley, where he began to write prolifically for student publications, poetry magazines, and, occasionally, newspapers. He did not attain a degree, as he was deemed a troublemaker, whereupon he began to travel extensively. He joined the Canadian Army in 1915, but deserted the next year and went to New York City.

During the 1910s, Faust started to sell stories to the pulp magazines of Frank Munsey, including All-Story Weekly and Argosy Magazine. When the United States joined World War I in 1917, Faust tried to enlist but was turned down. He married Dorothy Schillig in 1917, and the couple had three children. In the 1920s, Faust wrote extensively for pulp magazines, especially Street & Smith’s Western Story Magazine, a weekly for which he would write over a million words a year under various pen names, often seeing two serials and a short novel published in a single issue. In 1921 he suffered a severe heart attack, and for the rest of his life suffered from chronic heart disease.

His love for mythology was a constant source of inspiration for his fiction, and it might be that his classical influences, as well as his literary inclinations, are part of the reason for his success at genre fiction. The classical influences are certainly noticeable in his stories, many of which would inspire films. He created the Western character Destry, featured in several filmed versions of Destry Rides Again, and his character Dr. Kildare was adapted to motion pictures, radio, television, and comic books.

Beginning in 1934 Faust began publishing fiction in upscale slick magazines that paid better than pulp magazines. In 1938, due to political events in Europe, Faust returned with his family to the United States, settling in Hollywood, working as a screenwriter for a number of film studios. At one point Warner Brothers was paying him $3,000 a week (at a time when that might be a year’s salary for an average worker), and he made a fortune from MGM’s use of the Dr. Kildare stories. He was one of the highest paid writers of that time. Ironically, Faust disparaged his commercial success and used his own name only for the poetry that he regarded as his true vocation.

When World War II broke out, Faust insisted on doing his part, and despite being well into middle age and having a heart condition, he managed to become a front line war correspondent. Faust was quite famous, and the soldiers enjoyed having this popular author among them. While traveling with American soldiers as they battled in Italy in 1944, Faust was mortally wounded by shrapnel. He was personally commended for bravery by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Faust managed a massive outpouring of fiction, rivaling Edgar Wallace and Isaac Asimov as one of the most prolific authors of all time. He wrote more than 500 novels for magazines and almost as many stories of shorter length. His total literary output is estimated to have been between 25,000,000 and 30,000,000 words. Most of his books and stories were turned out at breakneck rate, sometimes as quickly as 12,000 words in the course of a weekend. New books based on magazine serials or were previously unpublished continue to appear, so that Faust has averaged a new book every four months for seventy-five years. Beyond this, some work by him is newly reprinted every week of every year, in one format or another, somewhere in the world.
Official Website
Wikipedia Reference
 

Other:
A Soldier of Japan by Captain F.S. Brereton ~ A Tale of the Russo-Japanese War.~1906 Blackie and Son ~ 350 pages ~  6 plates.by S. Wood.
One of the Fighting Scouts

Brereton began writing his famous adventure books for boys prior to the First World War, when he was living in Stockport, Merseyside. His experiences allowed him to write gripping tales, with such accuracy and attention to detail that one can almost hear the roar of guns and feel the sun beating down on the soldiers in their tropical dress uniforms.

Brisbin was born in 1837 at Boalsburg, Pennsylvania, a son of Margaret and Ezra Brisbin. He studied at the Boalsburg Academy, and upon graduating Brisbin began teaching.[He later purchased and edited the Centre Democrat newspaper in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, and also studied law and was later admitted to the bar of Pennsylvania. Brisbin was prominently known as an anti-slavery orator.

When the American Civil War began in 1861, Brisbin was a lawyer in practice. He enlisted in the Pennsylvania volunteer services that April as a private. On April 26, he was appointed a second lieutenant in the mounted 2nd U.S. Dragoons. He fought in the First Battle of Bull Run near Manassas, Virginia, on July 21. In this battle, Brisbin received two wounds, one in his side and the other in an arm, and was praised by his superiors for his performance during the fight.

On August 3, 1861, Brisbin transferred to the 1st U.S. Cavalry (previously known as the 1st Dragoons until a reorganization of the army) but then was appointed a captain in the 6th U.S. Cavalry two days later. On June 9, 1862, he fought during the action near Beverly Ford, Virginia, and was again wounded when he fell off of his horse. Exactly one year later Brisbin was brevetted to the rank of major for his conduct at Beverly Ford. In 1863 he very briefly led the cavalry forces in the Federal Department of the Susquehanna, and was wounded in a leg during combat near Greenbrier, Virginia, on July 26.

Brisbin was promoted to colonel on March 1, 1864, and organized the 5th U.S. Colored Cavalry. He served as the acting head of cavalry on the staff of Brig. Gen. Albert L. Lee during the Red River Campaign, and was again wounded during the Battle of Mansfield in Louisiana on April 8, this time in the right foot. On December 12, 1864, Brisbin was brevetted to brigadier general in the Union Army, and seven days later was appointed a brevet lieutenant colonel in the regular army for his performance at Battle of Marion in Tennessee. In 1865, he was on recruiting duty in Kentucky, serving on the staff of Maj. Gen. Stephen G. Burbridge. On March 13, Brisbin was brevetted to colonel in the regular army as well as brevetted major general in the Union Army, and on May 1 he was promoted to brigadier general. Brisbin was mustered out of the Union Army as a volunteer on January 15, 1866.

Brisbin in later lifeAfter the war, Brisbin remained in the regular army, aiding in the establishment of other colored regiments and served in the Northwestern United States as an officer in several cavalry regiments. From 1868–92, he served as an officer in several cavalry regiments, including the Second, Ninth, First, and Eighth regiments in the Northwestern United States. At the time of his death he was a colonel in command of the Eighth Cavalry Regiment and was in command at Fort Meade. Brisbin died in January 14, 1892 in Philadelphia. He was buried in Oakwood Cemetery in Red Wing, Minnesota.

Brisbin married Mary Jane Wagner on June 15, 1861. They had four children. His wife died at Fort McKinney in 1887. In 1891 he married Amelia Wilson in Red Wing, Minnesota. He was also a prolific writer, and contributed articles and letters to Eastern periodicals on many subjects throughout his career. He was known for his works on the Army Indian Wars, the West and Montana Territory.
Wikipedia Reference
 

Louis Bromfield was born in Mansfield, Ohio, on a farm. He studied at Cornell Agricultural College in 1914-15 and journalism in 1916 at Columbia University, receiving honorary war degree in 1920. After the United States declared war on Germany in the World War I Bromfield joined the American Ambulance Corps, with the 34th and 168th divisions of the French Army. He served in the army from 1917 to 1919 and was decorated for his services. Bromfield then returned to journalism in New York. He wrote critics for several periodicals, among them the Bookman and Time magazine. He also worked as an assistant to theatrical producer and as advertising manager. In 1921 he married Mary Appleton Wood; they had three daughters. She died in 1952.

After publishing THE GREEN BAY TREE (1924), set in a small town in Ohio, Bromfield devoted himself entirely to writing. He moved with his wife and daughter to France, where they settled in Senlis, an ancient village north of Paris. They lived in a old Presbytère, which had once been the dwelling place of Capuchin monks. In 1932 Bromfield visited India, and the journey inspired his most famous book, THE RAINS CAME (1937), which has been filmed twice. Clarence Brown's version from 1939, starring Myrna Loy, George Brent, and Tyrone Power, is consided slick Hollywood film-making at its professional best. The story is set in Ranchipur and portrays the destinies of a large number of people against monsoon rains and the bursting of a dam. Bromfield's view of the decadent Europeans is seen in the character of Ransome, who is contrasted with awakening India symbolized by the Maharajah. 

In France in the '20s, Bromfield helped Ernest Hemingway first get published, and he was compared favorably with Fitzgerald, Thurber and Steinbeck, among others. In 1931 he met Edith Wharton, with whom he shared a passion for gardening. Their correspondence was published in 1999. During these expatriate years Bromfield wrote his most highly acclaimed novels, including Early Autumn. THE FARM (1933) spanned a period of about 100 years and  depicted the conflict between the agricultural and the industrial way of life through the experience of several generations. A GOOD WOMAN (1927) told a story of a mother, who thinks herself good and righteous, but ruins her son's life. In the late 1930s Bromfield moved back to the United States, to his childhood surroundings in Ohio. "I was sick of the troubles, the follies, and the squabbles of the Europe which I had  known and loved so long," he confessed in FROM MY EXPERIENCE (1955). "I wanted  peace and I wanted roots for the rest of my life." He settled near Lucas, where he had the most famous experimental farm of the postwar years. Bromfield found it in January 1939, when he turned the corner of the road into Pleasant Valley and saw that valley after twenty-five years under deep snow. Bromfield's Malabar Farm was visited by such famous actors as Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall - they were married there in 1945. Bromfield was more conservative than Bogart, who supported Franklin Delano Roosevelt and later Adlai Stevenson. When Bromfield visited Bogart in Los Angeles, their debates often ended in dissention on political questions. Bromfield received several awards and honors, among them LL.D. from Marshall College, Huntington, West Virginia, LL.D. from Parsons College, Fairfield, Iowa, D.Litt. from Ohio Northern University, and Chevalier, Légion d'honneur (1939). He was President of Emergency Committee for the American Wounded in Spain in 1938 and the director of the United States Chamber of Commerce. Bromfield died on March 18, 1956 in Columbus, Ohio. His later works include PLEASANT VALLEY (1945), a personal statement with an ecological theme, UNTIL THE DAY BREAK (1942), a spy story, set against occupied Paris in the 1940s, and WILD IS THE RIVER (1947). The romantic historical novel about the American Civil War was set against the background of the occupation of New Orleans by the Yankees. BRIGHAM YOUNG - FRONTIERSMAN (1940), filmed by Henry Hathaway, was a fictionalized part-biography of the Mormon leader who founded the Salt Lake City. Dean Jagger played the title role. The film was less concerned with the religious aspects, but focused on the theme of the persecution of a minority and the pioneering story in the Fordian vein.

The author's daughter Ellen has depicted in The Heritage: A Daughter's Memories of Louis  Bromfield (1995) her life growing up in the shadow of her famous father. "His was a vital  character, energetic, ambitious, insatiably curious about every human being, every manner of living," she wrote. "To be surrounded constantly by an assortment of human samples from as many walks of life as possible was, indeed, an obsession with him." In Strangers in the Valley (1957) Ellen Bromfield Carson drew a picture how she and her husband Carson moved to Brazil to live a farm life on the new frontier there. Louis Bromfield's Malabar Farm has become a popular tourist attraction in Ohio, receiving visitors from all parts of the world.
Bibliography