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AD - TMM
The basis of linear measurement on Mars. It is the equivalent of 11.694 Earth inches

AISLE OF HOPE - GM
The broad isle in the chief courtroom of the Temple of Reward in Helium, leading to the Throne of Righteousness

 A-KOR -  CM
Prince of Manator, son of O-Tar and Haja of Gathol. Dwar of the Towers of Jetan and later Jeddak

 AMHOR - MMM
A city and nation of red men, about 700 miles north of Gooli. The principal business is livestock raising. They are hereditary enemies of Duhor

 ANATOK - SMM
Jed of Gooli

 APT - WM
An arctic monster, the only true mammal on Mars. It is a huge, white-furred creature, six to eight feet high at the shoulder, with six limbs, four of which, short and heavy, carry it swiftly over the snow and ice; while the other two, growing forward from the shoulders on either side of its long, powerful neck, terminate in white, hairless hands, with which it seizes and holds its prey. Its head and mouth are similar in appearance to those of a hippopotamus, except that from the sides of the lower jawbone two mighty horns curve slightly downward to the front. Its huge eyes extend in two vast, oval patches from the center of the top of the cranium down either side of the head to below the roots of the horns, so that these weapons really grow out of the lower part of the eyes, which are composed of several thousand ocelli each. Each ocellus is furnished with its own lid, and the apt can, at will, close as many of the facets of its huge eyes as it wishes.

 ARBOK - JCGM
A carnivorous tree reptile

 ARTOLIAN  HILLS - MMM
 A range of snow-clad hills lying between Toonol and Duhor

 A-SOR - CM
Name by which Tasor of Gathol was known in Manator

 ASTOK - TMM
Prince of Dusar

ATMOSPHERE  PLANT - PM
The huge building which is the source of the artificial atmosphere of Mars. It covers perhaps four square miles and towers two hundred feet in the air. There is only one tiny door in the massive walls, which are about twenty feet thick. The building is entered through a series of three doors, controlled by a set of nine thought waves. The Ninth Ray is separated from the other rays of the sun by means of a set of finely adjusted instruments on the roof of the huge building, three-quarters of which is used for reservoirs in which the Ninth Ray is stored. Certain Proportions of refined electric vibrations are combined with it, and the result is pumped to the five principal air centers of the planet, where, as it is released, contact with the ether of space transforms it into atmosphere. There is always sufficient reserve of the Ninth Ray stored in the great building to maintain the present atmosphere for 1,000 years. The only danger is that some accident might befall the pumping apparatus, a battery of twenty radium pumps any one of which is equal to the task of furnishing all Mars with the atmosphere compound. Each is used
for a day at a time. Two men are in charge of this plant, each of whom spends half a Martian year at a time alone in the plant. The building is absolutely unassailable, built as it is with walls 150 feet thick, and even the roof being guarded from attack by aircraft by a glass covering five feet thick. The only fear of attack is form the green Martians or some demented red man, as all Barsoomians realize that the very existence of every form of life on Mars is dependent upon the uninterrupted working of this plant

AVENUE OF ANCESTORS - GM
A street in Greater Helium, five miles long, leading from the Gate of Jeddaks to the Temple of Reward

AVENUE OF GATES - CM
A street in Manator which circles the city just inside the outer wall

AVENUE OF THE  GREEN THOAT
A street in Zodanga

AVENUE OF  QUAYS - TMM
A street in Aaanthor, flanked by huge monoliths and leading from the ancient waterfront to the great central Plaza

AVENUE OF WARRIORS - SM
A street in Zodanga

AYMAD - SMM
Number One Man. Name taken by the Third Jed as Jeddak of Morbus

BAL ZAK - MMM
Commander of Ras Thavas' ship, the Vosar.

BANDOLIAN - SMJ
Emperor of the Morgors of Jupiter.

BANTH - GM
A fierce beast of prey that roams the low hills surrounding the dead seas of ancient Mars. It is almost hairless, having only a great bristly mane about its thick neck. Its long, lithe body is supported by ten powerful legs; its enormous jaws are equipped with several rows of needle-like fangs. Its mouth reaches to a point far back of its tiny ears. It has enormous, protruding green eyes, and can see well in total darkness.

BANTOOM - CM
The valley inhabited by the Kaldanes. It lies southwest of Torquas, and far southwest of Gathol

BAN-TOR
A warrior among the Black Pirates of Kamtol

BAR - SMM
Eight

BAR COMAS - PM
Jeddak of Warhoon

BARSOOM - PM
Mars

BLACK PIRATES - GM
The remnant of the black race of ancient Mars, on the shore of the Lost Sea of Korus and in the Valley of Kamtol. They are large men, six feet and over in height. They have clear-cut and handsome features; their eyes are well-set and large though a slight narrowness lends them a crafty appearance. The iris is extremely black, while the eyeball itself is quite white and clear. Their skin has the appearance of polished ebony.

CALOT TREE - WM
A carnivorous Martian plant. It is about the size of a large sagebrush. Each branch ends in a set of strong jaws, which have been known to drag down and devour large and formidable beasts of prey.

CANALS - PM
The fertile, irrigated strips of farmland. The water which supplies the farms is collected in immense underground reservoirs at the poles form the melting ice caps, and pumped through long conduits to the various populated centers. Along either side of these conduits, and extending their entire length, lie the cultivated districts. They are divided into tracts of about equal size, each under the supervision of one or more government officers. Instead of flooding the surface of the fields, and thus wasting immense quantities by evaporation, the water is carried underground through a vast network of small pipes directly to the roots of the vegetation.

CARRION CAVES - WM
A series of twenty-seven caverns connecting the hothouse cities of the North Pole with the outside world, beneath the ice cliffs. Here the yellow men of Okar bring their dead so that the stench will discourage any invasion of their territory.

CARTER JOHN - PM
Virginia soldier, Prince of Helium, and Warlord of Mars. Formerly a captain in the Confederate cavalry, he turned to prospecting after the War Between the States, and while trying to rescue his partner from Indians was trapped in a cave where he was overcome by toxic fumes. Transported to Mars in some manner never explained, he rose from a prisoner of the Tharks to the position of Jeddak of Jeddaks. His relationship to Burroughs is obscure; though ERB calls him "Uncle Jack" he is presumably at least a hundred years old, and would therefore be more in the nature of a great-great-uncle or a distant cousin.

CARTHORIS - GM
Prince of Helium, son of John Carter and Dejah Thoris

CHAMBER OF MYSTERY - GM
A room within the caverns of the Therns in the Otz Mountains. It is about 200 feet long and 100 feet wide, and is connected to other  sections of the caves by what seems to be a loudspeaker system. On each side there are revolving doors through which wild banths are released when the occupants of the chamber are looking elsewhere.

CHAMBER OF  REPTILES - WM
A large cavern under the Otz Mountains filled with venomous snakes and loathsome reptiles of species long extinct in the outer world. They are kept within the chamber by a line of  radium bulbs at the threshold. The only means of traversing the room is by a gallery along one wall about seven feet from the floor.

CHIEF - CM
A Jetan piece, represented by a diadem with ten jewels. It moves three spaces in any direction, straight or diagonal.

CLUROS - CM
Deimos, the further moon, about fifteen miles in diameter. It revolves around the planet at a distance of about 12,500 miles from the surface, with a period of about six days from moonrise to moonrise. See appendix: The Martian Moons.

CORPHALS - CM
Legendary evil spirits which by commanding the spirits of the wicked dead gained mastery over the living, according to ancient superstition. It was believed that they entered only into the bodies of criminals of the lowest class, and also that they could be slain only by the hand of a Jeddak.

COSOOM - MMM
Venus

COUNCIL OF THE SEVEN JEDS - SMM
The ruling committee in Morbus

DAK KOVA - PM
A Jed among the Warhoons, later Jeddak.

DANCE OF  BARSOOM - CM
A formal dance. It bears a relation similar to the more formal dancing functions of Mars that the Grand March does to those of Earth, though it is much more intricate and beautiful. The dancers furnish their own music, each having a small, one-stringed instrument, upon which are characters denoting the pitch and length of its tone. The instruments are of skeel and are shaped to fit the left forearm of the dancer, to which they are strapped. There is also a ring wound with gut which is worn between the first and second joints of the index finger of the right hand and which, when passed over the string, elicits the single tone required of the dancer. The music never varies, nor do the steps or figures, having been handed down from time immemorial. It is a wondrous epic of motion and harmony -- there is no grotesque posturing, no vulgar or suggestive movements. It has been described as the interpretation of the highest ideals of a world that aspires to grace and beauty and chastity in woman, and strength and dignity and loyalty in man.

DAR - FMM
A military unit composed of five utans, or 500 men.

DARSEEN - PM
A chameleon-like reptile.

DAR TARUS - MMM
A noble of Phundahl, later Jeddak.

DATOR - GM
A title of nobility among the Black Pirates.

DEJAH THORIS - PM
Princess of Helium, daughter of Mors Kajak, and wife of John Carter.

DESTINATION CONTROL COMPASS - TMM
(also called "Controlling Destination Compass") An invention of Carthoris of Helium, a mechanical steering device which, installed in the compass of a flier, keeps the craft pointed toward a given set of coordinates, and upon reaching that point automatically notifies the pilot by means of an alarm.

DIAMOND TOWER - SwM
A tower in the castle of the Tarids on Thuria.

DISINTEGRATOR RAY - FMM
An invention of Phor Tak.

DJOR KANTOS - GM
Son of Kantos Kan. A padwar in the Fifth Utan of the navy of Helium.

DOMNIA - SwM
A nation of blue-haired white men of Thuria, located across the mountains that lie beyond the forest surrounding the castle of the Tarids.

DOR, VALLEY - PM
                          A valley located near the South Pole; the Martian heaven.

DOTAR SOJAT - PM
John Carter's Tharkish name, from the surnames of the first two warrior chieftains he killed.

DOXUS - LG
Jeddak of the First Born of Kamtol .

DUHOR - MMM
A city and empire of red men, 5,000 haads from Amhor and 7,800 haads from Toonol, on the opposite side of the Artolian hills. North and a little west of Ptarth, and 10,500 haads northwest of Helium.

DUR - SMM
One million

DUR AJMAD - SMM
A noble of Amhor, of royal descent, related to Vanuma. Later Jed of Amhor.

DUR-DAN - SMM
A synthetic man

DUSAR - LG
A city and empire of red men, west of Ptarth, located at 15^o N and 20^o E of Horz, noted for its honey (TMM).
Also, a flier under Hin Abtol, commanded by John Carter.

DWAR - GM  CM
A military rank, equivalent to a captain.
Also, a Jetan piece, represented as a captain wearing three feathers. Moves three spaces in any direction

E-MED - CM
A warrior of Manator. Dwar of the towers of Jetan after A-Kor

EM-TAR - LG
A warrior from Kobol, impressed into service by Hin Abtol

EQUILIBRIMOTOR - MMM
A one-man flying machine, consisting of a broad belt, similar to an earthly life belt, filled with eighth ray to a sufficient degree to equalize the pull of gravity. Attached to the back of the belt is a small radium motor, the controls of which are on the front of the belt. Rigidly attached to and projecting from each side of the upper rim of the belt is a strong, light wing with small hand levers for quickly adjusting its position

RSITE - TMM
A Martian stone, used for building

E-THAS - CM
Major-domo of the palace of Manator

EUROBUS - SMJ
The planet Jupiter, in the language of the Morgors

EXUM - SMM
An ancient city from which many longitudes are reckoned

FATHER OF THERNS - GM
Title of the High Priest and King of the Therns

FIELDS OF JETAN - CM
A court in Manator, laid out like a giant Jetan board, on which the games are played

FIRE GOD - SWM
The sun as known to the inhabitants of Thuria

FIRST BORN - GM
 The Black Pirates

FLIER - PM   CM
John Carter's translation for any of the smaller types of Martian aircraft. Also, a Jetan piece, represented by a propeller with three blades. In Manator this piece is called the Odwar and represents by a general with five feathers. Moves three spaces in
any direction or combination, diagonally, and may jump intervening spaces

FLORAN - CM
A Gatholian warrior enslaved in Manator

FLYING DEATH - FMM
A guided missile invented by Phor Tak

FO-NAR - LG
A warrior under Hin Abtol, formerly a dwar in the army of Jahar

FORANDUS - FMM
The hardest and lightest metal on Mars

FORBIDDEN LAND - WM
Okar, as it was formerly known to the outside world

FOREST OF LOST MEN - LG
The forest surrounding Invak and Onvak

GAN HAD - SMM
A Toonolian warrior, prisoner in Morbus

GAN-HO - LG
An assassin in John Carter's crew aboard the Dusar

GAN-HOR - LG
A dwar in the army of Gathol

GANTUN GUR - SMM
An assassin from Amhor

GARDEN OF THE JEDDAKS - WM
A formal garden in the inner courtyard of the Imperial Palace of Okar, at Kadabra

GAR NAL - SwM
An inventor of Zodanga, enemy of Fal Sivas

GAROBUS - SMJ
The planet Mars, in the language of the Morgors of Jupiter

GATE OF ENEMIES - CM
A gate in Manator

GATE OF JEDDAKS - GM
A gate in Greater Helium

GATHOL - CM
A city and nation of red men, noted for its seemingly inexhaustible diamond mines. It was built upon an island in Throxeus, mightiest of the five ancient oceans, and is now situated on a mountain entirely surrounded by a great salt marsh. The country consists of the mountain city, with its diamond mine, and an area of fine grazing land. It extends from the equator north 10^o,
and from 10^o west of Horz to 20^o west.

GHASTA - FMM
A city and kingdom of red men, inside the crater of an extinct volcano, near Tjanath

GHEK - CM
A kaldane, third foreman of the fields of Luud. He aided Tara of Helium and Gahan of Gathol in their escape from Bantoom and during their imprisonment in Manator.

GHRON - FMM
Jed of Ghasta

GLORESTA - SMM
A Martian flowering plant

GOLDEN CLIFFS - GM
A ring of cliffs surrounding the Valley Dor. They rise perpendicularly from the almost level sward of the valley to a height of 5000 feet. The face of the cliffs is so shot with veins and patches of solid gold as to present the appearance of a solid wall of gold, except where it is broken by outcroppings of ruby, emerald, and diamond boulders. The cliffs are honeycombed with the caves of  the Therns.

GOLDEN TEMPLE  OF ISSUS - GM
The shrine and palace of the Goddess of Death and Goddess of Life Eternal, on the shore of the Lost Sea of Korus in the Land of the First born.

GOOLI - SMM
A village on the island of Ompt in the Toonolian Marshes, inhabited by a marsupial race. The Goolians have long, powerful legs, the knees of which are always flexed except immediately after the take-off on one of their prodigious leaps. Their feet are broad and flat. They have heavy, powerful tails, and the females have pouches in which the eggs are kept. Otherwise, they are quite human in conformation

GOR-DON - LG
A padwar among the Panars

GORE - JCGM
One of Pew Mogel's white apes

GOR GUM - SMJ
An officer among the Morgors

GOR HAJUS - MMM
An assassin and hero of Toonol

GORTHANS - SwM
Assassins. In most cities they are organized into guilds. Most of them are killers, without honor, but a few, like Gor Hajus of Toonol, have high reputations for bravery.

GOZAVA - PM
Wife of Tars Tarkas, killed by order of Tal Hajus

GREATER HELIUM - PM
Capital of the Empire of Helium. It lies 30^osouth of the equator, and is crowned by a scarlet tower nearly a mile high

GREAT GAMES - PM
Gladiatorial contests held in a number of Martian cities, especially among the green men. The survivor of each battle is pitted against a new antagonist, until at the end of the day, only one contestant is left alive. By tradition, the final victor, whether man or beast, is set free

GREEN MARTIANS - PM
The wild nomads of the dead sea bottoms, hereditary enemies of all other Martian races. They are a cruel and taciturn race, entirely devoid of love, sympathy or pity. They average 12 to15 feet in height and have six limbs; two legs, two arms, and an intermediary pair of limbs which may be used at will either as arms or legs. Their eyes are set at the extreme sides of their heads, trifle above the center, and protrude in such a manner that they may be directed either forward or back, and also independently of each other, thus permitting them to look in any direction, or in two directions at once, without turning their heads. The ears which are slightly above the eyes are closer together, are small, cup-shaped antennae protruding several
inches; their noses are but longitudinal slits in the center of the face, midway between the mouth and ears. The body is hairless and of a light yellowish-green color in infancy, deepening to an olive green at maturity, the adult males being darker in color than the females. The irises of the eyes are blood red as in Albinos, while the pupil is dark. The eyeball itself is very white, as are the teeth. These latter add a most ferocious appearance to an otherwise fearsome and terrible countenance, as the lower tusk curve upward to sharp points, ending about where the eyes of earthly human beings are located. The whiteness of the teeth is not that of ivory, but of the snowiest and most gleaming of china. Against the dark background of their olive skins their tusks stand out in a most striking manner, causing these weapons to present a most formidable appearance

GRIDLEY, JASON - FMM
The discoverer of the Gridley Wave. A young Stanford graduate interested in radio, who bought a few acres of land in Tarzana and subsequently became friendly with Burroughs. See also Tanar of Pellucidar.

GRIDLEY WAVE - FMM
A type of radio wave discovered by Jason Gridley of Tarzana, California, by which Ulysses Paxton transmitted to Burroughs the story of Tan Hadron of Hastor. See also TANAR OF PELLUCIDAR

GROUND FLIER - WM
The principal means of transportation in the cities of Okar. It has broad tires filled with the Eighth Ray, containing just sufficient buoyancy to give traction for steering purposes. Though the rear wheels are geared to the engine and aid in driving the machine, the bulk of this work is carried by a small propeller at the stern. The vehicles are used only on the streets of the cities which are seeded with the ochre, moss-like vegetation which grows on the dead-sea bottoms. A similar vehicle, used by the red men, differs in the ability to pass over other vehicles

GUARDIAN OF THE NORTH - WM
The great magnet of Kadabra, located at the north magnetic pole of Mars.

GULF OF TORQUAS - FMM
An ancient bay extending southwest from the city of Torquas toward Xanator.

GUR-TUS - GM
An officer in the navy of Helium, dwar of the 10th Utan.

HAD URTUR - FMM
Odwar of the first Umak of the troops of Helium. A nobleman of Hastor and father of Tan Hadron.

HAJA - CM
A Princess of Gathol, enslaved in Manator. Mother A-Kor and aunt of Gahan of Gathol.

HAGLION - SMJ
A Morgor, commander of a space ship.

HAJ ALT - FMM
Son of Haj Osis and Prince of Tjanath

HAJ OSIS - FMM
Jed of Tjanath in Kal Tavan's absence.

HALL OF CHIEFS - CM
The great hall in Manator where the preserved bodies of dead Jeddaks of particular fame are kept.

HAL VAS - TMM
Son of Vas Kor, the Dusarian noble, and dwar of a district of road in Dusar.

HAMAS - SM
Fal Siva's major-domo.

HAN DU - SMJ
A Savator or blue man of Jupiter.

HASTOR - GM
A city of the Empire of Helium, far south-west of Greater Helium.

HEKKADOR - GM
Title of the High Priest and king of Therns.

HELIUM - PM
An Empire of red men, in the southeastern quadrant, ruled by Tardos Mors. Principal exports are lumber and metal product.

HELIUM  FOREST - JCGM
A large wooded area near (Greater) Helium; its huge trees furnish much of the lumber supply tothe civilized nations of Mars.

HIN ABTOL - LG
The chief of the Panars and self-styled Jeddak of Jeddaks of the north.

HOHR - FMM
A valley, the crater of an extinct volcano near Tjanath. In it is located the city of Ghasta.

HOLY LAND - GM
Name given by the Black Pirates to their buried domain on the shores of Omean.

HOLY THERNS - GM
The rulers of the Martian priesthood.

HO RAN KIM - LG
Jeddak of Horz

HOR SAN - MMM
A former Jeddak of Phundahl and high priest of Tur, dead a hundred years.

HOR KAI LAN - LG
An ancient noble of Horz.

HORMADS - SMM
The synthetic men of Mars

HORTAN GUR -  TMM
Jeddak of Torquas.

HORUR - SMJ
An officer among the Morgors.

HOR VASTUS - GM
A Padwar or Lieutenant in the navy of Helium

HORZ - TMM
An ancient city, seat of ancient Barsoomian culture and learning, and last refuge of the Orovars or white race. The central meridian from which longitude is calculated.

HOTEL RALEIGH - GM
A hotel in Richmond, Virginia, where Burroughs met with John Carter on the latter's second return to Earth

HOVAN DU - MMM
A warrior of Ptarth, part of whose brain was transferred to the skull of a white ape by Ras Thavas.

IL-DUR-EN - SMM
A synthetic man.

ILLALL - WM
A city of Okar, remote from Kadabra, and having little intercourse with the capital.

I-MAL - CM
A dead warrior of Manator.

INVAK - LG
The land of the invisible man, in a forest between Horz and Helium, on the Equator.

ISS - PM
The Sacred River of Death, emptying into the lost sea of Korus.

ISSUS - GM
Goddess of  Life Eternal and Goddess of Death, whose Golden Temple is upon the banks of the Lost Sea of Korus.

I-ZAV - CM
A warrior of Manator

JAHAR - FMM
City and empire of red men, in the southern part of the western hemisphere. It lies southwest of 30^oS, 35^oE, and 50 to 75 karats from Torque's.

JAL HAD - MMM
Prince of Amhor, later Jed.

JANAI - SMM
A girl from Amhor, wife of Vor Daj.

JASOOM - MMM
Earth

JAT OR - SM
A warrior of Helium, officer in the personal guard of Dejah Thoris.

JAV - TMM
A Lotharian.

JED -PM
King or prince

JEDDAK - PM
Emperor

JEDDAK'S AWARD - CM
A Heliumetic trophy for the best painting of the year.

JEDDARA - CM
Empress.

JEDWAR - FMM
A military rank equivalent to field marshal, and immediately below that of Jed or King.

JETAN - CM
A Martian game, similar to chess, played on a board composed of 100 squares alternating black and orange. Each player has twenty pieces, placed on the two rows of squares nearest himself. From left to right, the pieces are: first row: Warrior, Padwar, Dwar, Flier (originally Odwar), Chief, Princess, Flier, Dwar, Padwar, Warrior; Second row: Thoat, 8 panthans, Thoat.

JHAMA - FMM
The castle of Phor Tak, northeast of Ghasta, 2500 haads west of Jahar, and 1500 haads northeast of Tjanath.  Also, Tan Hadron's invisible flier.

JOOG - JCGM
A synthetic giant, 130 feet tall, created by Pew Mogel.

KADABRA - WM
Capital city of the Okar Nation.

KADAR - TMM
Guard.

KALDANES - CM
Creatures inhabiting the valley of Bantoom, somewhat resembling human heads. They cover themselves with ornaments of precious metals and jewels, so that little more than eyes, nose, and mouth are discernable. The eyes are far apart and protruding, the nose scarce more than two small, parallel slits set vertically above a round hole which is the mouth. They have six short, spiderlike legs and two stout chelae which grow just in front of the legs and resemble those of an earthly lobster. They live in hive-like communities, working toward the perfect brain. They build round, dome-topped towers, about 40 feet in diameter and 60 feet high. A kaldane attaches itself to a rykor by means of a bundle of tentacles at the back of the head which seize the spinal cord, thus controlling every muscle of the rykor's body.

KALKSUS - TMM
Cruiser-transport commanded by Vas Kor of Dusor.

KAL TAVAN - FMM
Jed of Tjanath, later a panthan, captured and enslaved by Tor Hatan.

KAMTOL - LG
A city of Black Pirates in the Valley of the First Born, about 2500 haads west-southwest of Horz, and northwest of Gathol

KANDUS - LG
A warrior of Invak

KANTOS KAN - PM
An officer in the navy of Helium

KAOL - WM
City and empire of red men which lies along the equator almost halfway around the planet from Helium. One of the three major powers of the Eastern Hemisphere, it comprises a sunken area of extreme tropical heat. The walls of the city of Kaol are impregnable, slanting outward to a height of 30 feet, then for almost an equal distance they are perpendicular, and above this they slant inward for some 15 feet to the crest. They are as smooth as polished glass

KAOR - PM
Martian greeting

KARAD - TMM
A Martian unit of measurement, equal to 100 haads or 1/360 of the circumference of Mars at the Equator. About 36.8 Earth miles

KARA VASA - MMM
Sweetheart of Dar Tarus, and later, Jeddara of Phundahl

KAR KOMAK - TMM
Odwar of the bowmen of Lothar

KOBOL - FMM
City and kingdom of red men, conquered by Helium and later sacked by Hin Abtol

KOMAL - TMM
The god of Lothar, a huge Banth

KORAD - PM
Ancient seaport and center of commerce and culture, now occasionally occupied by Tharks. Nearby is the point of John Carter's first arrival on Barsoom

KOR-AN - LG
A swordsman of Gathol

KOR SAN - MMM
Jeddak of Duhor

KORUS - PM
The lost sea in the Valley Dor

KORVAS - JCGM
A dead city, east of Helium. Pew Mogal's headquarters

KULAN TITH - WM
Jeddak of Kaol

LAKOR - WM
A Holy Thern in the guard of Matai Shang

LAN-O - CM
A Princess of Gathol, enslaved in Manator

LAN SOHN WEN - LG
A dwar in the army of Horz, commanding the first Utan of the Jeddak's guard

LAROK - TMM
A warrior and artificer of Dusar

LEE UM LO - LG
An ancient embalmer of Horz

LESSER HELIUM - PM
The second city of the Heliumetic Empire, situated about 75 miles from Greater Helium, and about 5,000 miles southeast of Horz. Its major landmark is a tower of bright yellow, nearly a mile high.

LLANA OF GATHOL - LG
Daughter of Tara of Helium and Gahan, Jed of Gathol

LORQUAS PTOMEL - PM
A Jed among the Tharks

LOTHAR - TMM
A lost city of ancient Mars, inhabited by a remnant of the auburn-haired white race which ruled Mars in the distant past. The gate is circular and rolls to one side, into an aperture in the wall, thus the city must be incredibly ancient. It lies within the boundaries of Torquas, and over 8,000 haads southwest of Helium. The army consists of phantom bowmen, which the inhabitants cause to appear to their enemies by mental suggestion.

LOTHARIAN HILLS - TMM
Name by which the Mountains of Torquas are known to the inhabitants of Lothar

LUM TAR O - LG
An ancient hypnotist in the pits of Horz

LUUD - CM
A community of Kaldanes

MANATAJ - CM
The farthest city of Manator

MANATOR -  CM
City and empire of red men, north of Bantoom, and about 22lo west of Gathol, which is the nearest country. The Manatorians are an ancient  people, having neither firearms or fliers. Jetan is the national passion, and it is played on a giant field with human pieces battling to the death.

MANATOS
The second city of Manator

MAN-FLOWER - WM
A Martian plant whose blooms have eyes and hands with which to see and seize the insects which form its diet

MAN-LAT - LG
An under-officer in the guard of Doxus, Jeddak of the First Born of Kemtol

MANTALIA - FMM
The Martian milk plant. It is a large plant which grows practically without water, but seems to distill its plentiful supply of milk from the products of the soil, the moisture of the air, and the rays of the sun. A single plant of this species will give eight to ten quarts of milk per day. The milk is not unpleasant to the taste, though slightly acid, and is very highly prized

MARENTINA - WM
City and principality of Okar

MASENA - SwM
The wild cat-men of Thuria (Phobos). They are arboreal cannibals, and have the ability to change the color of their skin to match their surroundings. The shape of the skull is similar to that of a human being. In the center of the forehead is a single, large eye, about three inches in diameter; the pupil is a vertical slit, like the pupils of a cat's eyes. The fingers and four of the toes on each foot are much longer than in the human race, while the thumbs and large toes are considerably shorter than the other digits and extend laterally at right angles to the hands and feet. They have two mouths, one directly above the other. The lower mouth, which is the larger, is lipless, the skin of the face forming the gums in which the teeth are set, with the result that the powerful white teeth are always exposed in a hideous deathlike grin. The upper mouth is round, with slightly protruding lips controlled by a sphincter-like muscle, and toothless. The nose is wide and flat, with upturned nostrils. The ears are two small orifices near the top of the head and at opposite sides. Starting slightly above the eye, a stiff, yellowish mane about two inches wide runs back along the center of the cranium.

MATAI SHANG - GM
The Father of Therns; high priest and ruler of the Thern dominions within the Otz Mountains

MOAK - CM
A community of Kaldanes

MORBUS - SMM
The city of the synthetic men. It lies in the Toonolian Marshes, between Phundahl and Thavas

MORGORS - SMJ
The skeleton men of Jupiter. They have parchment-like skin, stretched tightly over their bones. The eyes are deep-set and brown, showing no white. The skin of the face merges with the gums at the roots of the teeth, which are fully exposed like those of a naked skull. The nose is a gaping hole in the center of the face. There are no external ears, only the orifices. They are entirely hairless. Their internal organs are visible when they stand in front of a bright light

MORS KAJAK - PM
Crown Prince of Helium, Jed of Lesser Helium, and father of Dejah Thoris

MOTUS - LG
A warrior of Invak

MOUNTAINS OF  TORQUAS -  TMM
A range of mountains in the south-western quadrant, guarding the border of Torquas

MULTIS PAR - SMJ
A prince of the royal family of Zor; son of Zu Tith

MU TEL - MMM
Prince of Toonol and nephew of Vobis Kan

MYR-LO - LG
An engineer among the Black Pirates of Kamtol

NINTH CYCLE - WM
A rank among the Therns, one rank below the Holy Therns.

NINTH RAY - PM
The ray used in manufacturing the artificial atmosphere of Mars. It is an inherent property of all light

NOLACH - CM
A community of Kaldanes (or elso, a title  of authority among the Kaldanes

NOLAR - LG
A Dator among the Black Pirates of Kamtol

NOTAN - PM
The Royal Phychologist  of Zodanga

NUR AN - FMM
A nobleman of Jahar

NUTUS - TMM
Jeddak of Dusar

O ALA - SMJ
A Savator woman, wife of Han Du

OKAR - LG
The land of the yellow men, entirely within the north polar ice cap. Also, the racial name of the yellow men (WM).

OLIVIA MARTHIS - CM
Daughter of the Jed of Hastor and later, wife of Kjor Kantos

O MAD - PM
Among the green hordes, a man with one name; one who has not made a kill

O-MAI THE CRUEL - CM
Jeddak of Manator 5,000 years before O-Tar

OMBRA - SM
A nation of blue-haired white men of Thuria

OMEAN - GM
The buried sea. Harbor of the Black Pirates. The only entrance is through a crater opening in a flat-topped black mountain rising from the south polar ice cap. It is larger than Korus, and receives the waters of the lesser sea. To keep it from filling above a certain level, the Black Pirates have four great pumping stations that force the oversupply back into the reservoirs from which the red men draw the water which irrigated their farm lands.

OMPT - SMM
An island in the Toonolian Marhes, between Phundahl and Morbus, upon which is located the kingdom and village of Gooli

ONVAK - LG
A city of invisible men, enemies of Invak, in the Forest of Lost Men

ORLUK - WM
A huge arctic beast, much hunted for its black and yellow striped pelt

OROVARS - LG
The ancient auburn-haired white race of Mars, now surviving only in isolated fortresses such as Horz and Lothar (and, minus the auburn hair, in the Otz Mountains.

O-TAR - CM
Jeddak of Manator

OTZ - GM
The valley and mountain range surrounding the Valley Dor. The Otz Valley lies in a mighty depression at the South Pole, sunk hundreds of feet below the level of the surrounding country. A hundred miles from its northern boundary rise the Otz Mountains which circle the inner Valley of Dor, in the exact center of which lies the lost sea of Korus. On the shore of this sea stands the Golden Temple of Issus in the land of the First Born.

OV - SMM
Seven

O-ZAR - CM
A warrior from Manataj.

OZARA - SM
Queen of the Tarids of Thuria, and daughter of the Jeddak of Domnia

 PALACE OF  PEACE - TMM
A building of Ptarth, in which are housed the embassies of the foreign powers. It is a pretentious building that rises spire-like toward the heavens, its outer walls elaborately wrought with delicate carvings and intricate mosaics. The ministers themselves live in gorgeous palaces within the district occupied by the nobles

PALTHON - MMM
A rare and beautiful stone, blood-red, in which are traced in purest white nature's most fanciful designs.

PANAR - LG
A kingdom of red men in the north polar region, and its inhabitants.

PAN DAN CHEE - LG
A nobleman of Hora, later husband of Tara of Helium

PANDAR - SMM
A Phundahlian warrior, prisoner in Morbus

PANKOR - LG
The capital city of the Panar Nation

PANTHANS - TMM  CM
Wandering soldiers of fortune. They sell their services wherever war exists, and in the occasional brief intervals when there is no organized warfare between the red nations, they join one of the expeditions that are constantly being dispatched against the green men in the protection of the waterways that traverse the wilder portions of the globe. In the intervals between employments they wear no insignia. They are highly paid, but as they are also notorious gamblers and spenders, they are usually in need of funds. Also, a jetan piece, represented by a warrior with one feather. Moves one space forward, diagonally or sideways.

PARTHAK - GM
The Zodangan who brought food to John Carter in the pits of Zat Arrras.

PAXTON, ULYSSES - MMM
An American army officer, supposedly killed in France during World War I. Instead, he found himself on Mars in the same manner as had John Carter fifty years earlier. He became the laboratory assistant of the Toonolian scientist Ras Thavas, and later Prince of Duhor. Known on Barsoom as Vad Varo.

PEDESTAL OF  TRUTH -  GM
A pedestal in the center of the Throne of Righteousness in Greater Helium, where a man stands while his case is being heard. Here the hero is decorated and the criminal sentenced.

PELLUCIDAR - FMM
The world at the center of the Earth, an empire ruled by David Innes. See also AT THE EARTH'S CORE.

PEW MOGEL - JCGM
A synthetic man, "the most powerful ruler on Mars," according to his own claim. Creator and master of Joog, the synthetic giant, and author of PEW MOGEL, HIS LIFE AND WONDERFUL WORKS.

PHAIDOR - GM
A princess among the Therns; daughter of Matai Shang.

PHAO - FMM
A nobleman of  Jahar, betrothed to Nur An.

PHO LAR - SMJ
A Savator or blue man of Jupiter.

HOR SAN - LG
An odwar in the forces of Hin Abtol, commanding the Panar fliers.

PHOR TAK - FMM
A scientist of Jahar, inventor of the invisible paint, the disintegrator ray, and the Flying Death
                    .
PHUNDAHL - MMM
A city and empire of red men, in the Northwestern Quadrant. A considerable distance east of Ptarth and a little north of it.

PHYSTAL - SM
Overseer of the slaves of Fal Sivas.

PI - LG
A Martian copper coin, worth about one cent.

PIMALIA - GM
A Martian flowering plant, growing sometimes to the height of a tree.

PINSAR - MMM
Smallest of the three ships belonging to Ras Thavas.

PIT OF PLENTY - WM
A torture chamber near the center of the palace in Kadabra, the capital of Okar. The pit is  about a hundred feet in depth, its sides are lined with shelves of food and drink behind glass walls. Once a day a light flashes on, showing the starving victim a glimpse of the victuals, but before he can reach the walls the light is extinguished, and he finds only smooth glass.

PLANT MEN - GM
A race inhabiting the Valley Dor. They are ten to twelve feet in height when standing erect, and are manlike in the proportions of the body and legs. The arms, however, are very short, and are similar to an elephant's trunk, being sinuous and entirely without bony structure. The hairless body is a goulish blue, except for a broad band of white encircling the protruding, single eye, which is all dead white -- pupil, iris, and ball. The nose is a ragged, inflamed, circular hole in the center of the blank face, resembling a fresh bullet wound which has not yet commenced to bleed. The head, with the exception of the face, is covered by a mass of tangled, jet-black hair some eight or ten inches in length. Each hair, is about the thickness of a large angleworm, and seems to writhe independently as the thing moves the muscles of its scalp. The feet are fully three feet long and very flat and broad. The method of feeding consists to running their odd hands over the surface of the turf, cropping off the tender
vegetation with razor-like talons and sucking it up from two mouths, on e in the palm of each hand. They are equipped with a massive tail about six feet long, quite round where it joins the body but tapering off to a flat, thin blade toward the end, which trails at right angles to the ground. The young are attached by stems from the tops of their heads to their parent's  armpits, where they grow from buds to fully-developed replicas of the adults about ten to twelve inches in length. Their blood is a green and sticky syrup.

PNOXUS - LG
An invisible man of Invak; the son of Ptantus the Jeddak.

POLODONA - CM
The Martian equator.

POVAK - SM
An assassin of Zodanga.

POWELL, JAMES K. - PM
A Confederate officer, killed by Apaches while prospecting with John Carter in Arizona.

PRINCESS - CM
A jetan piece, represented by a diadem  with one jewel. Moves three spaces in any direction, straight or diagonal, and may jump intervening spaces. The Princess is entitled to one ten-space move during the game. This is called the Escape.

PTANTUS - LG
Jeddak of Invak

PTANG - LG
A warrior among the Black Pirates of Kamtol.

PTARTH - WM
A city and empire of red men, one of the three major powers of the Eastern Hemisphere. Northeast of Kaol and allied with it, and 9,500 haads northeast of Helium.

PTOR - PM
Family name of three brothers form Zodanga.

PTOR FAK - LG
A warrior from Zodanga, one of the three Ptor brothers.

RADIUM BULB - PM
The principal means of artificial lighting on Mars. It is a hemispherical glass bowl, filled with radium powder, which gives a clear but glareless light almost indefinitely. The bulb is never extinguished, but is fitted with an opaque cover when not in use.

RADIUM RIFLES - PM
The principal firearms used by the green men. They are stocked with wood, a very light and intensely hard growth, intensely prized on Mars. The metal of the barrels is an alloy composed principally of aluminum and steel, which they have learned to temper to a hardness far exceeding that of the steel with which we are familiar. The weight of these rifles is comparatively little, and with the small caliber explosive radium projectiles they use, and the great length of the barrel, they are deadly in the extreme and at ranges which would be unthinkable on Earth. The theoretic effective range of these rifles is 300 miles, but the best they can do in actual service when equipped with their wireless finders and sighters is a trifle over 200 miles.

RAPAS THE ULSIO - SM
A Zodangan criminal of the lower class, employed by Fal Sivas as assassin and kidnapper.

RASOOM  - MMM
Mercury

RAS THAVAS - MMM
The Master Mind of Mars, a nobleman of Toonol and the greatest scientist and surgeon on Barsoom

RAXAR - LG
A city and kingdom of red men, sacked by Hin Abtol

RED MEN - PM
The dominant race on Mars. In appearance they are similar to the highest type of man on Earth, but their skins are of a reddish copper color. They are oviparous. Their natural lifespan is over a thousand years, though very few reach this age because of the prevalence of war and assassination. They are the product of a mixture of the three primitive races of ancient Mars; the white, the yellow, and the black.

ROJAS - LG
A woman of Invak

RO TAN BIM - LG
An ancient noble of Horz

RUZAAR - SMM
A Heliumetic battleship

RYKOR - CM
A headless body used  by the Kaldanes of Bantoom. The body is beautifully proportioned, and the skin is of a slightly lighter red than that of the red Martians. They are eyeless, and have a rudimentary nervous system and a correspondingly minute brain

SAG OR - MMM
A noble of Phundahl and favorite of Xaxa

SAK - PM
Jump

SALENSUS OLL - WM
Jeddak of Okar

SANOMA TORA - FMM
Daughter of Tor Hatan, kidnapped by Tul Axtar of Jahar

SAN TOTHIS - CM
A Gatholian officer, commander of the Vanator

SARAN TAL - TMM
Major-domo of Carthoris of Helium

SARKOJA - PM
A Thark woman, one of the older members of Tars Tarkas' retinue

SASOOM - SMJ
Jupiter

SATOR THROG - GM
A Holy Thern of the Tenth Cycle, a leader among the Therns

SAVATORS - SMJ
The blue men of Jupiter, quite similar in appearance to the men of Earth and Mars

SEPT - CM
A Kaldane of the community of Luud

SHADOR - GM
Prison isle in the sea of Omean

SHARU - FMM
A woman of Ghasta

SHEA, (JOHN A.) - CM
Secretary of Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc., during the early years in California

SILIAN - GM
A slimy aquatic reptile inhabiting the lost sea of Korus

SIL VAGIS - FMM
A Teedwar on the staff of the 91st Umak of the troops of Helium

SITH - WM
A Kaolian beast. It resembles a hornet, bald-faced and winged, about the size of a Hereford bull. It has frightful jaws in front and a mighty, poisoned sting behind. The eyes, of myriad facets, cover three fourths of the head, permitting the creature to see in all directions at once. It has six legs. The poison of the sting is used to kill the beast.

SKEEL - GM
Martian hardwood

 SOF - SwM
A Martian unit of measurement, equal to 1/10 sofad

 SOFAD - TMM
A Martian unit of measurement, equal to 1/10 of an ad, or about 1.17 Earth inches

SOLA - PM
A young green Martian woman, daughter of Tars Tarkas

SOLAN - WM
The operator of the great magnet in Kadabra, one of the best swordsmen ever encountered by John Carter

SOMP - LG
The fruit of the sompus tree, considered a great delicacy on Mars. It is similar to grapefruit, though much sweeter

SOMPUS - TMM
A kind of tree. It bears a citrus-like fruit, called somp, with a thin red rind.

SORAK - PM
A small, six-legged animal kept as a house pet by the red Martians

SORAPUS - GM
A Martian hardwood tree. It bears large nuts, about a foot in diameter

SORAV - WM
Commander of the force of the palace of Salensus Oll

SOVAN - TMM
Prince and overlord of the navy of Ptarth

SYL - FMM
Underground river flowing beneath Tjanath to the Valley Hohr and beyond

SYTOR - SM
A dwar among the synthetic men. War of the 10th Utan, first Dar of the Third Jed's guard

TAL HAJUS - PM
Jeddak of Thark, killed by Tars Tarkas

TALU - WM
Rebel prince of Marentina and nephew of Salensus Oll, later Jeddak of Jeddaks of the North

TAN - SMM
One hundred

TAN GAMA - GM
A warrior among the Warhoons of the South

TAN HADRON - FMM
A noble of Hastor, a padwar in the 5th Utan of the 11th Dar of the 91st Umak of Helium

TANPI - LG
A Martian gold coin, worth about one dollar

TANUS - CM
Gatholian warrior aboard the Vanator

TARA OF HELIUM - CM
Daughter of John Carter and Dejah and wife of Gahan, Jed of Gathol

TARDOS MORS - PM
Jeddak of Helium and grandfather of Dejah Thoris

TARIDS - SwM
A nation of white men of Ladan (Thuria). They have the power of making themselves invisible by hypnotic suggestion, and thus have maintained the castle which is their last stronghold. Their hair and eyebrows are blue.

TARIO - TMM
Jeddak of Lothar

TARS TARKAS - PM
A warrior of Thark, later Jeddak of Thark. John Carter's oldest and best friend on Mars

TASOR - CM
A Gatholian noble, padwar in the guard of the Jeddak of Manator

TAVIA - FMM
Princess of Tjanath, daughter of Kal Tavan, and wife of Tan Hadron of Hastor

TEE - SMM
Ten

TEEAY - SMM
Eleven

TEEAYTAN-OV - SMM
(Eleven hundred seven) A synthetic man

TEEDWAR - FMM
A military rank, roughly equivalent to a colonel

TEEPI - LG
A Martian silver coin, worth about ten cents

TEMPLE OF  BEAUTY - CM
An art gallery in Greater Helium

 TEMPLE OF  KNOWLEDGE - FMM
The heliumetic national library and archives

 TEMPLE OF REWARD - GM
The supreme courtroom of Helium, located on the Avenue of the Ancestors. It is here that Martian justice is meted out to benefactor and malefactor

TEMPLE OF  THE SUN - GM
A prison in the Land of the First Born. It lies far within the inner court of the Temple of Issus, a little temple that raises a thin spire far above the spires and minarets of the temple that surrounds it. Beneath, in the ground, lies the main body of the temple consisting in 68 7 circular chambers, one below another. To each cham er a single corridor leads through solid rock. As the entire temple revolves once with each revolution of Barsoom about the sun, but once each year does the entrance to each separate chamber come opposite the mouth of the corridor which forms its only link with the outer world.

TENTH CYCLE - GM
A rank among the Holy Therns

THABIS - GM
Major-domo of Issus

THAN - LG
A warrior. The term applies either to a sailor or a soldier

THAN KOSIS - PM
Jeddak of Zodanga

THAR BAN - TMM
A Jed among the hordes of Torquas

THARK - PM
Ancient city and empire of green men. The horde is over 30,000 strong, and roams an immense tract of arid and semiarid land between forty and eighty degrees south latitude, and bounded on the east and west by two large fertile tracts. The capital of this empire is located in the southwest corner of this district, near the crossing of two canals. The empire comprises 25 communities, of whom five make their headquarters at the capital

THAVIS - MMM
Island and castle in the Toonolian Marshes, near the city of Toonol. Site of the ancestral estate of Ras Thavas

THERNS - GM
The remnant of the white race at the south pole, forming a priesthood. They are bald form birth, and wear auburn wigs

THE SONG OF LOVE - GM
Barsoom's most beautiful melody

THOAT - PM   CM
A green Martian mount. It is ten feet high at the shoulder, with four legs on either side, and a broad, flat tail, larger at the tip than at the root. The gaping mouth splits its head form the snout to the long, massive neck. It is entirely devoid of hair and is of a dark slate color and exceedingly smooth and glossy. It has a white belly and the legs are shaded from slate at the shoulders and hips to a vivid yellow at the feet. The feet themselves  are heavily padded and nailless. A smaller species is ridden by the red men Also, a jetan piece, represented by a mounted warrior with three feathers. Moves one space straight and one diagonal

THORIAN - GM
A title of leadership among the lesser Therns

THRONE OF RIGHTEOUSNESS - GM
A circular platform in the courtroom of the Temple of Reward in Greater Helium. The 31 judges are seated around the periphery of this platform, and the Pedestal of Truth is at the center

THROXEUS - TMM
Mightiest of the five oceans of ancient Mars. Also, Throxus

THURD - TMM
Ancient city and horde of green men, inimical to Torquas

THURIA - GM  TMM
Phobos, the nearer moon, about ten miles in diameter. It revolves around the planet at a distance of about 3,700 miles from the surface. It appears to rise in the west and set in the east, with a period of 11 hours 6 minutes from moonrise to moonrise, or 4 hours 18 minutes from moonrise to moonset. See Appendix: "The Martian Moons."
Also, personal flier of Astok, Prince of Dusar

THURIAN TOWER - CM
One of the Towers of Jetan in Manator

THURID - GM
A Dator among the Black Pirates of the Valley Dor

THUVAN DIHN - WM
Jeddak of Ptarth and father of Thuvia

THUVIA - GM
Princess of Ptarth, daughter of Thuvan Dihn, and wife of Carthoris

TJANATH - FMM
A city and kingdom of red men, about 6,000 haads southwest of Xanator

TOONOL - MMM
A city and empire of red men, 1800 miles east of Phundahl, and situated at the eastern end of the Toonolian Marshes

TOONOLIAN MARSHES - MMM
A great  swampy area in the northwestern quadrant, lying between Toonol and Phundahl. The marshes extend almost 1800 miles east and west and in some places have a width of 300 miles. They are commanded by Phundahl at their western end and Toonol on the east

TOR - SMM
Four

TOR-DUR-BAR
(Four million eight) a synthetic man

TOR HATAN - FMM
A general of Helium, Odwar of the 91st Umak, and commanding officer of Tan Hadron

TORITH - GM
An officer among the Black Pirates, guard at the submarine pool in Omean

TORKAR BAR - WM
Dwar of the Kaolian Road

TORQUAS - TMM
Ancient city and horde of green men. It lies northwest of Aaanthor, in a vast mountain country little known to the red men, south of Dusar and about 7,000 haads from Helium

TOWER OF THAVAS - MMM
Ras Thavas' laboratory, a complex of buildings on his estate in the Toonolian Marshes, near Toonol

 TOWERS OF JETAN - CM
A complex of buildings in Manator where prisoners are held pending the jetan games. The buildings entirely surround the Fields of Jetan

TREE OF LIFE - GM
A legendary tree which flourished in the center of the Valley Dor 23 million years ago. For  countless ages the fruit of this tree underwent the gradual changes of evolution, passing by degrees from true plant to a combination of plant and animal. In the first stages the fruit of the tree possessed only the power of independent muscular action, while the stem remained attached to the parent plant; later a brain developed in the fruit, so that hanging there by their  long stems they thought and moved as individuals. Then with the development of perceptions came a comparison of them, and thus reason and the power to reason were born upon Barsoom. Many forms of life came and went upon the tree with the passing ages, but still all were attached to the parent plant by stems. At length the fruit of the tree consisted in tiny plant men, still attached to the tree. The buds from which the plant men blossomed reassembled large nuts about a foot in diameter, divided by double partition walls into four sections. In one section grew the plant man, in another a sixteen-legged  worm, in the third the progenitor of the white ape and in the fourth the primeval human.  When the bud burst the plant man remained dangling at the end of his stem, but the other sections fell to the ground, where the efforts of their imprisoned occupants to escape sent them hopping about in all directions. Thus, as time went on, all Barsoom was covered with these imprisoned creatures. For countless ages, they lived their long lives within their hard shells, spreading to cover the whole planet. Countless billions died before the first man broke through into the light of day. Prompted by curiosity, he broke open other shells and the peopling of Barsoom commenced. All forms of life upon Barsoom are believed to be descended from these three.

TUL AXTAR - FMM
Jeddak of Jahar

TUN GAN
Name taken by Tor-dur-bar after receiving the body of Gantun Gur, the assassin of Amhor

TUR - MMM
The god worshipped by the people of Phundahl. According to them, his home is upon the sun. One hundred thousand  years ago, they believe, he created Barsoom, round and flat, tossed it out into space.

TURAN - CM
Alias of Gahan of Gathol

TURGAN - MMM
The bible of the Phundahlians, supposedly written by Tur

TURJUN - TMM
Alias of  Carthoris of Helium

TURQUOISE TOWER - SwM
A tower in the castle of the Tarids on Thuria

TWIN CITIES - PM
Greater and Lesser Helium. They lie about 75 miles apart, some 30o south of the equator and over 1900 miles west of Zodanga

U-DOR - CM
A noble of Manator, dwar of the 8th Utan

U-GOR - FMM
A province of the Empire of Jahar, in which the population was reduced to cannibalism and savagery by overpopulation. It lies about 1,000 haads southeast of Jahar and about 2,000 haads southwest of Xanator, and about 7,000 haads almost due south of Gathol

 U-KAL - CM
Alias used by Gahan in Mantor

ULAH - SwM
A slave girl in the castle of the Terids on Thuria

ULDAK - SwM
An assassin of Zodanga

ULSIO - CM  JCGM
A Marian rat. It is a fierce and unlovely thing, many-legged (St. John draws them with six legs) and hairless, its hide resembling that of a new-born mouse in repulsiveness. In size and weight it is comparable to a large Airedale terrier. Its eyes are small and close-set, and almost hidden in deep, fleshy apertures. Its most ferocious and repulsive feature is its jaws, the entire bony structure of which protrudes several inches beyond the flesh, revealing five sharp, spadelike teeth in the upper jaw and the same number in the lower, the whole suggesting the appearance of a rotting face from which much of the flesh has sloughed away. Its only weapons are its jaws since its broad, splay feet are armed only with blunt talons. With its protruding jaws it excavates its winding burrows and with its broad feet it pushes the dirt behind it.
Another species, similar to the above, has only three legs and is much more intelligent, having a communal organization and building huts of mud, gravel, and bones.

UL-TO - LG
A Panar warrior

UL VAS - SwM
Jeddak of the Tarids of Thuria

UMAK - FMM
A military unit of 10,000 men, commanded by an odwar

UMKA - SwM
A Masena or cat-man of Thuria, imprisoned with John Carter by the Tarids

UMPALLA - SMJ
A Jovian plant. It consists of a simple, leafless stock, a foot or two tall, bearing a single fuzzy blossom at the top. It is used by the independent Savators to mark the location of their invisible houses

UNCLE BEN - GM
The author's body servant (colored). Also known as Old Ben

UR JAN - SwM
Head of the Assassins' Guild of Zodanga

UR RAJ - SMM
A Heliumetic officer, imprisoned in the zoo of Jal Had of Amhor

USA - CM
A Martian fruit tree. The fruit is almost tasteless and is considered to be palatable only after having been cooked and highly spiced. It grows easily with little irrigation and the trees bear abundantly. The fruit, which ranks high in food value, is one of the staple foods of the less well-to-do, and because of its cheapness and nutritive value forms one of the principal rations of both armies and navies upon Barsoom, a use which has won for it a Martian sobriquet which, freely translated into English, would be, The Fighting Potato

URTAN - GM
A military unit of 100 men, commanded by a dwar

UTHIA - CM
Slave girl of Tara of Helium

U-THOR - CM
The Great Jed of Mantos

U-VAN - CM
A warrior of Manator

VAJA - SMJ
A princess of Zor, and cousin of Multis Par

VAL DOR - CM
A warrior of Helium, enslaved in Manator

VALLA DIA - MMM
Princess of Duhor, daughter of Kor San, and wife of Ulysses Paxton

VALLEY OF  HELIUM - JCGM
The plain between Greater and Lesser Helium

VALLEY OF  LOST SOULS - WM
A section of the Otz Valley, around the canyon of the Iss, inhabited by those who turned aside at the last minute from their pilgrimage to the Valley Dor and cannot return to the outside world

VALLEY OF THE FIRST BORN - LG
A sunken, fertile valley some 2,500 haads southwest of Horz, inhabited by Black Pirates. Kamtol is the capital and major city

VANATOR - CM
Cruiser under Gahan of Gathol

VANDOR - SwM
Alias used by John Carter in Zodanga

VAN-TIJA - LG
A black woman of Kamtol, wife of Nastor

VANUMA - SMM
Oldest wife of Jal Had of Amhor

VAS KOR - TMM
A noble of Dusar

VOBIS KAN - MMM
Jeddak of Toonol

VOR DAJ - SMM
A young padwar in the guard of the Warlord

VORION - SMJ
A warrior among the Morgors of Jupiter

 VOSAR - MMM
An airship belonging to Ras Thavas

WARRIOR - CM
A jetan piece, represented by a soldier with two feathers. Moves two spaces in any direction, straight or diagonally

WHITE APES - PM
Manlike creatures inhabiting the deserted cities of Mars. They are ten to fifteen feet tall, standing erect, and have an intermediary set of arms or legs, midway between their upper and lower limbs. They are white and hairless except for an enormous shock of bristly hair upon the head. The ears are set high and laterally located, while the snout and teeth are strangely like those of an African gorilla

WOLAK - SwM
A slave in the household of Fal Sivas

WOOLA - PM
John Carter's calot

XAT - GM
A Martian unit of time, equal to 1/50 of a zode, or about three minutes

 XAXA - MMM
Jeddara of Phundahl. An ignorant, arrogant old termagant, with a scarred face

XAXAK - LG
A Dator among the Black Pirates of Kamtol

 XAVARIAN - GM
A Heliumetic battleship

XODAR - GM
A Dator among the Black Pirates of the Valley  Dor. Later Jeddak of the First Born of the Valley Dor

YANO - FMM
A game of chance, played by rolling tiny numbered spheres at a group of numbered holes

YERSTED - GM
The commander of the submarine of the Black Pirates of the Valley Dor

YO SENO - FMM
An officer in the palace of the Tjanath, the keeper of the keys

ZAMAK - SwM
An officer among the Tarids of Thuria

 ZANDA - SwM
A woman from Zodanga, wife of Jat Or

ZAN DAR - SMU
A Savator or blue man of Jupiter, from the land of Zanor

SMJ ZANOR - SMJ
A mountainous island on Jupiter, remote from the lands of the Morgors and unconquered by them

 ZAT ARRRAS - GM
Jed of Zodanga after its conquest by Helium and regent of Helium in the absence of Tardos Mors, Mors Kajak, and Carthoris

ZITHAD - GM
A black pirate,  Dator of the Guards of Issus

ZITIDAR - PM
City and Empire of red men, 1900 miles east of Helium. The walls of the city are 75 feet high and 50 feet thick. The Zolangans for years waged a ruthless campaign of extermination against the green man, until conquered by an alliance of Helium and Thark. The city lies at latitude 30^o south, longitude 17^o east .

ZODE - GM
A Martian unit of time, equal to 1/10 of a day, or about two hours twenty-eight minutes. The Martian day is a trifle over 24 hours, 37 minutes in length (Earth time). The first zode commences at about six a.m. Earth time

ZOR - SMJ
A city and nation of red men conquered by Helium and about 380 miles southwest of it

 ZUKI - SMM
A warrior of Gooli

ZU TITH - SMJ
The tyrannical Jed of Zor, overthrown when Helium annexed the city