Comic book pioneer Will Eisner dies ~
Created The Spirit
John
Pain ~ Canadian Press ~ January 5, 2005
MIAMI
(AP) -- Will Eisner, the artist
who revolutionized comic books with the popular newspaper supplement The
Spirit, helped pioneer the graphic novel and taught generations of soldiers
how to maintain their equipment with the Joe Dope series, has died. He
was 87. Eisner died Monday at Florida Medical Center in Lauderdale Lakes
of complications from quadruple bypass heart surgery last month, according
to Denis Kitchen, Eisner's agent and publisher for three decades."He was
absolutely the greatest innovator the industry ever saw," Kitchen said.
Eisner started making comics in
the 1930s and was the first to use "silent" balloonless panels to emphasize
characters' emotions by focusing attention on finely wrought facial expressions.
He addressed subjects considered unthinkable in comic books and rarely
seen at the time in newspaper comics: spousal abuse, tax audits, urban
blight and graft. The graphic novel combines elements of comic books and
literary novels. His first, A Contract with God, was published in 1978
and had stories of his childhood and the immigrant Jewish experience in
a poor Brooklyn tenement.
"He had a real capacity to bring
hope to the most dire circumstances . . . the toils of immigrant life,"
said Robert Weil, an executive editor at W.W. Norton, which is publishing
two Eisner books this year. In 1940, he created a gritty weekly newspaper
supplement titled The Spirit, which at its height had a circulation of
five million in 20 Sunday newspapers. The supplement consisted of a comic
book with three self-contained stories, and The Spirit became the most
popular.
Its title character was a detective
named Denny Colt, believed murdered by a mad scientist's potion but actually
buried alive. He protected the fictional Central City, which was based
on New York. But the series' lead character usually took a back seat to
others. "The stories would focus not necessarily on The Spirit, but on
some poor average Joe who was having a bad day," Collins said. Eisner "had
been producing comic books for 15-year-old cretins from Kansas," he told
The Associated Press in a 1998 interview. With The Spirit, he was aiming
for "a 55-year-old who had his wallet stolen on the subway. You can't talk
about heartbreak to a kid."
Michael Chabon, author of Wonder
Boys, said he interviewed Eisner before writing The Adventures of Kavalier
and Clay, a book about two cousins who created a comic book superhero and
his battles against Hitler. "He was unquestionably the first person who
ever took comic books seriously as an art form," Chabon said. He said Eisner
spoke publicly about the artistic value of comic books as early as 1940.
"Even the guys who were making the comic books and those were the most
talented thought what they were doing was worthless garbage," Chabon said.
Eisner was drafted during the Second
World War, and the army had him create Joe Dope to teach Jeep maintenance
to soldiers with a bumbling comic-strip character. After the war, he went
back to The Spirit and continued the series until 1952. The army also hired
him for more instruction manuals, which he produced until the 1970s, Kitchen
said. "Will was a multi-faceted treasure," said Paul Levitz, president
and publisher of DC Comics, which has released reprints of The Spirit.
Eisner was "a pioneer as a cartoonist as well as a young entrepreneur at
the dawn of comic books."
© The Canadian Press 2005