Beginning with Chapter One in A Princess of Mars (Under the Moons of Mars), longevity was an on-going theme explored by Edgar Rice Burroughs. This article identifies eight different variations on the theme of longevity, eternal life, and immortality presented by Edgar Rice Burroughs in his novels and stories. Let’s begin with his first published paragraph.The paragraph referenced above from A Princess of Mars makes a direct statement. Some men live longer than others. Burroughs’ alter ego, John Carter, is such a man. To live more than a hundred years and still be a vibrant warrior would be “The stuff dreams are made of,” to quote Dashiell Hammett.
No explanation of Carter’s perception of his age is ever given. We’re told that he doesn’t know his age, but that he has never aged as other men. If one looks at the timeframe when the story was written, fifty years after the civil war, we could project Carter’s true age at the time he encountered Burroughs to be in the seventies.
However, Fredrik Ekman, noted Burroughs scholar, summarist, and ERBAPA member sees it differently. Ekman correctly points out that in the very beginning of the first chapter of Princess, Burroughs (Carter) writes: "I am a very old man; how old I do not know. Possibly I am a hundred, possibly more; but I cannot tell because I have never aged as other men, nor do I remember any childhood." This was written in 1866, plus ten to twenty years, so we can draw the conclusion that Carter has memories as far back as the late 18th Century. Ekman interprets the passage to indicates Carter was already immortal before he went to Barsoom. I agree.
He spent several years on Barsoom. Perhaps, something in the Barsoomian atmosphere or the instantaneous transportation between planets retards the aging process or even reboots it.
Carter’s agelessness could be a result of his birth, born that way, if you will, it could be from the Barsoomian environment, or it could be from the transition process. It might be a combination. Whichever, John Carter is not as other men. He is a “Special Person.”The following is not meant to be a complete summary of A Princess of Mars, but only to guide us through how the story predicts Joseph Campbell’s not yet established requirements for a hero.
The paragraph quoted above immediately sets Carter aside from other men. A quick review shows how John Carter quickly fulfills the steps outlined by Joseph Campbell in The Hero’s Journey. In fact, A Princess of Mars could be the outline for Campbell’s works on heroes. First, the hero is different from other men. Think Achilles’ invulnerability, Moses and the bulrushes, or even the virgin birth. Heroes are different. An ageless John Carter is SPECIAL. Without going into painstaking detail, Step one of the hero’s journey is Separation. It frequently involves spiritual aid. Sometimes, Campbell calls this step, “Meeting the White Spirit.” Carter is separated from the life he knows. He runs from the natives and hides in a cave. Finding the mummy of the old woman in the cave clearly begins this step. Next, Carter goes to sleep and wakes up on another planet.
A hero must cross the First Threshold, the descent into the abyss. Well, Good Morning, Barsoom. Next, comes Endurance of the Ordeal. Carter’s capture by the Tharks, battle for acceptance, and finding an unacknowledged love, Dejah Thoris, are classic examples of “The Hero at the First Threshold.”
This brings the reader to Campbell’s Act Two, The Supreme Ordeal. Carter learns the language and becomes a quasi-accepted member of the Tharks. He is stabbed in the chest by Zad during a duel, but is treated with a salve and miraculously survives. This second resurrection could have reset Carter’s age clock, but we don’t know. (Consider Carter’s rebirth on Barsoom as his first resurrection. Carter and Dejah Thoris escape the Tharks, but Carter is captured by the Warhoons where he is forced to fight a newly found friend in a gladiatorial contest. He and his mock adversary escape.
In Campbell’s Act Three, Unification, Carter reunites with the Tharks and battles the evil Zodangans. Carter and Dejah Thoris marry, but before they can live happily ever after, the atmosphere plant fails and all life on Barsoom is threatened. This satisfies the next Campbell required Hero point, Ultimate Sacrifice. Carter restarts the atmosphere plant, but falls unconscious. He saves the planet, but loses his love, Dejah Thoris, and perhaps his life.
He is resurrected one more time in the Arizona cave. Ten years have passed, but he hasn’t aged. Carter is presented as the ageless hero, who when faced with death is resurrected somewhere else.
In A Princess of Mars, Burroughs gives us another example of “Extended Life”. Barsoomians, Red or Yellow, Green or White, live for a thousand years. This is presented as a statement of fact and this article will not comment on that. They live that long. Maybe it’s the dry air.
So, we have two methods for longevity. Be born an ageless hero who is resurrected on two planets or be born on Barsoom and live a thousand years.
Burroughs offers another method to achieve long life in the novel, The Mastermind of Mars. In Chapter One, the hero, Ulysses Paxton, saves an old man’s life and then watches the old man, Ras Thavas, perform an operation where the brains and blood of an old woman and a young woman are exchanged. The purpose of the surgery is to extend the life of the old woman by putting her brain in a young body. This is the third ERB presented method to extend human life discussed in this article. What better way to live long and prosper than to simply buy a new body. If a thousand years isn’t enough, just find a young person and take their body.
In reality, a brain transplant or whole-body transplant is a procedure in which the brain of one organism is transplanted into the body of another organism. It is a procedure distinct from head transplantation, which involves transferring the entire head to a new body, as opposed to the brain only. Theoretically, a person with advanced organ failure could be given a new and functional body while keeping their own personality, memories, and consciousness through such a procedure.
No human brain transplant has ever been conducted. Neurosurgeon Robert J. White grafted the head of a monkey onto the headless body of another monkey. EEG readings showed the brain was later functioning normally. It was thought to prove that the brain was an immunologically privileged organ, as the host's immune system did not attack it at first, but immunorejection caused the monkey to die after nine days. In the 1990s, White transplanted several monkey heads onto other bodies, but the bodies remained paralyzed.
The third method to achieve longevity explored by ERB is surgical transplantation.
Leaving Barsoom, we’ll return to Earth and the novel, Tarzan’s Quest.
In chapter twenty-nine, Kavandavanda, who is worshipped by the Kavuru claims to be thousands of years old and that there is no such thing as god. The Karvuru are a cult of celibate priests who have achieved immortality with an elixir made from Kavuru pollen, spinal fluid of leopards, and the glands and blood of young women. Sounds messy, but the priests make immortality pills from the combination.
They may not actually live thousands of years, but celibacy may make it seem that way.
Tarzan, Jane, and their companions appropriate the pills of eternal youth (the ones made by the Kavuru), but the pills have to be taken once a month and surely, the supply wasn’t endless and the Kavuru pills were divided equally between Tarzan, Jane, Brown, Annette, Tibbs, and Nkima. The novel doesn’t discuss how long the supply will last. There’s also the whole celibacy requirement. Maybe, that’s why Tarzan’s Quest is Jane’s last appearance in novels.
Philip Jose Farmer concluded that the pills’ effect was permanent and would make the pill-taker immortal (subject to death by murder, war, or misadventure) when he postulated an eternal Tarzan in Time’s Last Gift and Tarzan and the Dark Heart of Time.
The fourth method to achieve longevity is witchcraft or magic.
Interestingly enough, NASA started research trials using anti-aging pills in 2017. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, or NAD, is a coenzyme (a compound that certain enzymes need to work) in every cell that is crucial to the basic reactions in your cells that keep you alive.
Your cells use NAD+ to make sirtuin proteins work. Proteins that regulate biological pathways called sirtuin protect your cells from age-related decline. Sirtuins play a crucial role in maintaining the length of telomeres, DNA strand end caps that keep our chromosomes from unraveling. Scientists have linked long telomeres with longevity.
In a Bulletproof Radio podcast episode, UCSF professor and co-author of New York Times bestseller, “The Telomere Effect,” Elissa Epel, Ph.D., explains, “When we measure telomeres in midlife, they’re a pretty reliable predictor of who gets disease early and, in some studies, who dies early. They do matter when we’re older.”
Because you want long telomeres and the longevity that goes along with them, you need plenty of NAD+ to keep them working efficiently. Who knew, and they don’t use the blood and glands of young women or leopard spinal fluid to make the NAD+ pills.
Burroughs explores an interesting variation on this theme in At The Earth’s Core. How long would people live if they had no concept of time? In a world without sunrise or sunset, without a moon or stars, people wouldn’t observe or understand time. Perhaps, time is an artificial construct invented by surface people. Don’t confuse this with the John Carter concept of “I don’t know how old I am.” This is an entire world, a timeless world, where people separated can age at different rates – or seemingly not at all. Essentially and simply put, if there is no perception of the passage of time, there is no age. People in Pellucidar do grow up, grow older, and eventually die. This could fall into the “What you don’t know can’t hurt you” category. If you don’t know about time, you never consider how old you are. If your brain has no concept of aging, it doesn’t tell the body to age. Circular reasoning from where I sit, but some scientists have differing thoughts on the matter.
The fifth Burroughs to achieve longevity is to ignore time. There is no aging where there is no passage of time.
Burroughs wasn’t that far off the mark. www.space.com published an article on time July 6, 2016, and the following is an excerpt from that article.
To appreciate time is to feel the fabric of reality. I interview physicists and philosophers on my public television series, Closer to Truth, and many assert that time is an illusion. What do they mean that time is "not real?"Did ERB’s theory about timelessness as presented in the Pellucidar novels foreshadow some current scientific thinking? It would appear so. Good for him. Sometimes, I wish I’d never seen a clock.Huw Price, professor of philosophy at Cambridge University, claims that the three basic properties of time come not from the physical world but from our mental states: A present moment that is special; some kind of flow or passage; and an absolute direction. "What physics gives us," Price said, "is the so-called 'block universe,' where time is just part of a four-dimensional space-time … and space-time itself is not fundamental but emerges out of some deeper structure." We sense an "arrow" or direction of time, and even of causation, he said, because our minds add a "subjective ingredient" to reality, "so that we are projecting onto the world the temporal perspective that we have as agents [in this environment]."
Think of the block universe, which is supported by Einstein's theory of relativity, as a four-dimensional space-time structure where time is like space, in that every event has its own coordinates, or address, in space-time. Time is tenseless, all points equally "real," so that future and past are no less real than the present. alse import to the present moment? "We can portray our reality as either a three-dimensional place where stuff happens over time," said Massachusetts Institute of Technology physicist Max Tegmark, "or as a four-dimensional place where nothing happens [‘block universe’] — and if it really is the second picture, then change really is an illusion, because there's nothing that's changing; it's all just there — past, present, future.
"So life is like a movie, and space-time is like the DVD," he added; "there's nothing about the DVD itself that is changing in any way, even though there's all this drama unfolding in the movie. We have the illusion, at any given moment, that the past already happened and the future doesn't yet exist, and that things are changing. But all I'm ever aware of is my brain state right now. The only reason I feel like I have a past is that my brain contains memories.
In The Eternal Lover, Edgar Rice Burroughs explores other methods to achieve extended or eternal life – reincarnation, universal memory, and suspended animation. He presents Nu, Son of Nu and Victoria Custer, the reincarnation of his love, Nat-al. Nu, a prehistoric troglodyte, was trapped in a cave by an earthquake. In modern times, another earthquake opens the cave and Nu wakes up in 20th Century Africa. He has been in suspended animation. He and Victoria (Nat-al) meet and realize they are soul mates. After many adventures, the two take shelter in the cave. A third earthquake knocks Nu senseless and buries him in the cave. Nat-al wakes with her prehistoric family, but with dreams of her future life as Victoria. She and Nu are united, separated, and reunited. They return to the village. Nu leaves to hunt and a fourth earthquake drops the curtain over the prehistoric scene. When I read this story for the first time over fifty years ago, I was convinced that Nu and Victoria were engaged in some sort of mental time travel. I don’t believe that’s the case. My observation that Nu survived in suspended animation is questionable when the evidence of his skull is considered, along with his return to the era of his birth. Most people who believe in reincarnation, are clear that the reincarnated don’t remember previous lives. I have no experience in the phenomena, but Victoria clearly saw glimpses of her life as Nat-al and Nat-al dreamt of her future life as Victoria.
It appears that Nu slept through the years in suspended animation, returned to the past during an earthquake, and died there. His skull made the trip one more time. There is no explanation of his return to the past. This story touches on suspended animation, but has elements, such as the return to the past, that don’t make it fit that category. That leaves us with Victoria Custer, the reincarnation of Nat-al, and hints at Universal Memory.
Reincarnation, ERB’s sixth way to achieve longevity.
I’m not going to commit to interpreting Nu’s journey or part of that journey as suspended animation, but we’ll visit that concept in the next section.
The word "reincarnation" derives from Latin, and literally means, "entering the flesh again". An alternate term is transmigration implying migration from one life (body) to another. Reincarnation refers to the belief that an aspect of every human being (or all living beings in some cultures) continues to exist after death, this aspect may be the soul or mind or consciousness or something transcendent which is reborn in an interconnected cycle of existence; the transmigration belief varies by culture, and is envisioned to be in the form of a newly born human being, or animal, or plant, or spirit, or as a being in some other non-human realm of existence.
At the time Burroughs wrote The Eternal Lover, popular awareness of the idea of reincarnation was boosted by the Theosophical Society's dissemination of systematized and universalized Indian concepts and also by the influence of magic societies like The Golden Dawn. Notable personalities like Annie Besant, W. B. Yeats and Dion Fortune made the subject almost as familiar an element of the popular culture of the west as of the east.
Theodore Flournoy was among the first to study a claim of past-life recall in the course of his investigation of the medium Hélène Smith, published in 1900, in which he defined the possibility of cryptomnesia (secret or hidden memories) in such accounts. Flournoy left doubt about whether that Hélène Smith drew from subconscious memories of her present life rather than memories of previous incarnations, but Smith, herself, either believed or falsely claimed that she that she remembered past lives and different incarnations. Carl Jung emulated Flournoy in his thesis based on a study of cryptomnesia in psychism. Later Jung would emphasize the importance of the persistence of memory and ego in psychological study of reincarnation: "This concept of rebirth necessarily implies the continuity of personality... one is able, at least potentially, to remember that one has lived through previous existences, and that these existences were one's own...." Hypnosis, used in psychoanalysis for retrieving forgotten memories, was eventually tried as a means of studying the phenomenon of past life recall.
“The Resurrection of Jimber-Jaw” is a short story about suspended animation, but not resurrection in the truest sense of the word. What better way to live forever than to sleep without aging for extended periods of time. It worked for Rip Van Winkle. In the story, a cave man, who the narrator, Morgan, calls Jimber-Jaw is discovered frozen in a glacier. He is thawed in a laboratory, given new blood and unnamed solutions and chemicals. He wakes up. After a time he discovers he doesn’t care for the modern world and asks to be refrozen, but that’s beyond the scope of this article.
Suspended Animation, the seventh longevity method used by Edgar Rice Burroughs in a story.
Suspended animation is the inducement of a temporary cessation or decay of main body functions, including the brain, to a hypometabolic state in order to try to preserve its mental and physiological capabilities.
As a theoretical concept, it has been included in a wide range of fiction books and films but has not been implemented as a medical procedure for either short or extended time.
Suspended animation has been defined as the slowing or stopping of life processes without terminating life itself. Breathing, heartbeat and other involuntary functions may still occur, but they can only be detected by artificial means. For this reason, this procedure has been associated with a lethargic state in nature when animals or plants appear, over a period, to be dead but then can wake up without suffering any harm. This has been termed in different texts as hibernation or dormancy.
This condition of apparent death or interruption of vital signs may be similar to the medical interpretation of suspended animation. It is only possible to recover signs of life if the brain and other vital organs suffer no cell deterioration, necrosis or molecular death principally caused by oxygen deprivation or excess temperature (especially high temperature).
There are examples of people that have returned from this apparent interruption of life lasting over half an hour, two hours, eight hours or more while adhering to these specific conditions for oxygen and temperature that have been reported and analyzed in depth, but these cases are not considered scientifically valid. The brain begins to die after five minutes without oxygen; nervous tissues die intermediately when a "somatic death" occurs while muscles die over one to two hours following this last condition.
It has been possible to obtain a successful resuscitation and recover life in some instances, including after anesthesia, heat stroke, electrocution, narcotic poisoning, heart attack or cardiac arrest, shock, newborn infants, cerebral concussion, cholera, and voluntarily as in yogis.were able to preserve the minimum conditions in an environment extremely close to death and return to a normal living state. An example of such a case was Anna Bågenholm, a Swedish radiologist who allegedly survived 40 minutes under ice in a frozen lake in a state of cardiac arrest and survived with no brain damage in 1999.
In The Moon Maid, Edgar Rice Burroughs presents a form of longevity that is particularly unique – Inherited and Foretold Memory. For the purposes of this article, I’ll call it “Universal Memory. Burroughs called it reincarnation, but it is more than that. The narrator meets Julian 3rd, who promptly says, “Do you realize that there is no such thing as Time?” he asked suddenly—“That man has invented Time to suit the limitations of his finite mind, just as he has named another thing, that he can neither explain nor understand, Space?” Remember Pellucidar – time isn’t real.Julian 3rd says at the start of chapter one,“I was again reincarnated in my son’s son in 1937. I am thirty years of age. My son was born in 1970 — that is the son of my 1937 incarnation — and his son, Julian 5th, in whom I again returned to Earth, in the year 2000. I see you are confused, but please remember my injunction that you are to try to keep in mind the theory that there is no such thing as Time. It is now the year 1967 yet I recall distinctly every event of my life that occurred in four incarnations—the last that I recall being that which had its origin in the year 2100. Whether I actually skipped three generations that time or through some caprice of Fate I am merely unable to visualize an intervening incarnation, I do not know.”Julian the 3rd calls this reincarnation, but it is also preincarnation. He has the memories of his unborn descendants and his ancestors. He recalls future lives and past lives and adventures as if he’d lived them. These shared memories allow the individual Julians a form of immortality subject to the survival of the line. One for all and all for one.Theories of time previously mentioned in this article claim that time is not linear, but everything happens simultaneously. The past, present, and future are all with us. In that case, Julian is able to access most of his incarnations universally. Think of time as a bubble and we all reside inside that bubble. The countless points on the surface of the sphere are different points in time, past, future, and present. Most of us experience only one point of the surface and move from point to point around the time sphere in predetermined and inflexible arc.
Julian has the ability to select numerous points on the sphere’s surface and trace specific details concerning from chosen point giving each of his incarnations the ability to explore the lives of all incarnations.
Universal Memory –the eighth theory of longevity.
Memories of past lives is a common theme in reincarnation fiction and there are several quasi-scientific papers written on the subject, some serious and some fanciful. The most famous case of reincarnation memories was Bridey Murphy. In 1952, Colorado businessman and amateur hypnotist Morey Bernstein put housewife, Virginia Tighe, of Pueblo, Colorado, in a trance that sparked off startling revelations about Tighe's alleged past life as a 19th-century Irishwoman and her rebirth in the United States 59 years later. Bernstein used a technique called hypnotic regression, during which the subject is gradually taken back to childhood. He then attempted to take Virginia one step further, before birth, and was astonished to find he was listening to Bridey Murphy.
Tighe's tale began in 1806, when Bridey was eight years old and lived in a house in Cork. She was the daughter of Duncan Murphy, a barrister, and his wife Kathleen. At the age of 17, she married barrister Sean Brian McCarthy, who she claimed taught at Queen's University Belfast After her death, she was reborn in America, although Tighe/Bridey wasn’t how this event happened. Virginia Tighe herself was born in the Midwest in 1923, had never been to Ireland, and did not speak with even the slightest hint of an Irish accent.
The biographical details related by Bridey were not fully checked before the publication of Bernstein's 1956 book The Search for Bridey Murphy. However, once the book had become a bestseller, almost every detail was thoroughly checked by reporters who were sent to Ireland to track down the background of the elusive woman. It was then that the first doubts about her "reincarnation" began to appear. Bridey said she was born on December 20, 1798, in Cork and that she had died in 1864. There was no record of either event. She pronounced her husband's name as "See-an," but Sean is pronounced "Shawn" in Ireland. Moreover Queen's University Belfast did not exist at the time Tighe/Bridey said her husband worked there.
Brian, which is what Bridey preferred to call her husband, was also the middle name of the man to whom Virginia Tighe was married. Some of the details did tally. For instance, her descriptions of the Antrim coastline were very accurate. So, too, was her account of a journey from Belfast to Cork. She claimed she went to a St. Theresa's Church. There was indeed one where she said there was, but it was not built until 1911 – long after Bridey’s death. The young Bridey shopped for provisions with a grocer named Farr. It was discovered that such a grocer had existed.
The experts who examined the case of Virginia Tighe came to the conclusion that the best way to arrive at the truth was not check in Ireland, but investigate Tighe's childhood relationship with her parents. Morey Bernstein stated that Virginia Tighe (whom he called Ruth Simmons in the book) was brought up by a Norwegian uncle and his German-Scottish-Irish wife. However, it did not reveal that her actual parents were part Irish and that she had lived with them until the age of three. It also did not mention that an Irish immigrant named Bridie Murphy Corkell (1892–1957) lived across the street from Tighe's childhood home in Chicago, Illinois. Investigators (unnamed or long-forgotten) were satisfied that everything Virginia Tighe said can be explained as repressed memories of her early childhood and any paranormal interpretation of the case was "thoroughly disproven."
I didn’t find any references to memories of future lives other than a few novels of questionable quality. Evidently, Burroughs created the “Universal Memory” theory. I considered Dickens’ The Ghost of Christmas Future briefly, but decided that this fictional supernatural encounter didn’t quality. A ghost is not a memory of a future life. It’s probably nothing more than a bit of undigested roast beef.
Burroughs was fascinated with the extension of life, at least in his writings. He wrote about achieving longevity by special abilities granted at birth (John Carter), resurrection through astral projection (John Carter), a planet of Methuselahs (Barsoom), eternal youth through the surgical insertion of the brain into of new bodies (The Mastermind of Mars), witchcraft (Tarzan’s Quest), the illusion of time (Pellucidar and The Moon Maid), reincarnation (The Eternal Savage and The Moon Maid), suspended animation (“The Reincarnation of Jimber-Jaw” and “The Eternal Savage”), and Universal Memory (The Moon Maid).
Did this fascination carry over into real life? The following notation is from the Edgar Rice Burroughs Timeline as compiled by Bill Hillman and available at
http://www.erbzine.com/bio/years20.html
It is based on information from the Burroughs Family Archives furnished by Danton Burroughs and suggests that Burroughs did indeed experiment with the extension of life.Ed orders numerous bottles of Prim from a St. Louis lab (Prim Oil: herbal bee pollen mixture appears to have many qualities: deodorant, vitamins, aids for hardening of arteries, heart, PMS, MS, inflammation, release of sex hormones, lowering cholesterol, etc.) (In his quest for health, fitness and longevity Ed was very aware of health and fitness aids and is even rumored to have tried injections of monkey glands at one time.)Would that it had worked and would that Burroughs shared it with us. Maybe he did and we haven’t figured it out. No doubt the current incarnation of the Julian line knows the secret.
With a little luck, we can find him and ask.To quote another fictional character,
“Live long and prosper.”
Addendum One
Edgar Rice Burroughs and the Quest for Immortality
By Robert Allen LuptonSince I wrote Edgar Rice Burroughs and the Quest for Immortality a few months ago, two fellow Burroughs aficionados and ERBAPA contributors provided me with additional information that I didn’t include in the original article.
J. G. Huckenpohler, Ph. D. pointed out the longevity injections in the Venus series and the witch doctor’s potion mentioned in Tarzan and the Foreign Legion.Alan Hanson also mentioned the Vepajans blood-based longevity serum from Pirates of Venus. “The serum is injected every two years and not only provides complete immunity from all diseases, but insures (sic) the complete restoration of all wasted tissues.”
In Chapter Twenty-five of “Foreign Legion,” Tarzan relates a story about how he saved a young appearing man’s life. The man was a witch doctor and offered to confer long life on Tarzan as a reward. The process was lengthy. “It required a full month of concocting vile brews, observing solemn rituals, and the transfusion of a couple of quarts of the witch doctor’s blood into my veins.”
Tarzan goes on to explain his second encounter with the pursuit of longevity, the process detailed in Tarzan’s Quest. He concludes by stating that everyone who received the compound, including his monkey, show no signs of aging.
So Tarzan received two immortality treatments in the wilds of Africa. In my original article, I listed the compound created in Tarzan’s Quest under witchcraft and magic, but perhaps I was hasty.
Arcane rituals aside, perhaps, the method is “medicine,” not magic. Both witch doctors used a specific and long-tested formulae for their treatments, one to make a compound and one to make vile brews.
This is reinforced when compared to the Vepajan blood based longevity serum mentioned in Pirates of Venus. Is it witchcraft, magic, or science?
I’m reminded of one of Arthur C. Clarke’s laws, “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.”
Clearly, the serum presented in the Venus books is science-based, and not magical in nature. If we ignore the African mumbo jumbo, Tarzan’s two treatments aren’t that far removed from the treatment developed on Amtor.
Burroughs presented this both ways, science and magic. As Aldous Huxley said, “You pays your money and you takes your choice.”
ERBzine References: Book Info and Text
A Princess of Mars
The Mastermind of Mars
Tarzan’s Quest
At The Earth’s Core
Pellucidar
The Eternal Lover
The Resurrection of Jimber-Jaw
Elmer
The Moon Maid
Tarzan and the Foreign Legion
Pirates of Venus
Tarzan’s Quest
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